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ergodox-firmware/firmware/lib/timer/device/atmega32u4.md

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8-bit Timer/Counter Register Description (see datasheet section 13.8)

TCCR0A : Timer/Counter 0 Control Register A
.---------------------------------------------------------------.
|   7   |   6   |   5   |   4   |   3   |   2   |   1   |   0   |
|---------------------------------------------------------------|
| COM0A | COM0A | COM0B | COM0B |    Reserved   |  WGM1 |  WGM0 |
'---------------------------------------------------------------'

TCCR0B : Timer/Counter 0 Control Register B
.---------------------------------------------------------------.
|   7   |   6   |   5   |   4   |   3   |   2   |   1   |   0   |
|---------------------------------------------------------------|
| FOC0A | FOC0B |    Reserved   | WGM02 |  CS02 |  CS01 |  CS00 |
'---------------------------------------------------------------'

* We want:
    * `COM0A` = `0b00` : Normal port operation, `OC0A` disconnected
    * `COM0B` = `0b00` : Normal port operation, `OC0B` disconnected
    * `WGM` = `0b010` : CTC (see section 13.6.2 "Clear Timer on Compare
      Match (CTC) Mode")
    * `CS` = `0b011` : clk_i/o / 64 (from prescaler)


TIMSK0 : Timer/Counter 0 Interrupt Mask Register
.-----------------------------------------------------------------.
|   7   |   6   |   5   |   4   |   3   |   2    |   1    |   0   |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------|
|                Reserved               | OCIE0B | OCIE0A | TOIE0 |
'-----------------------------------------------------------------'

* We want:
    * `OCIE0A` = `0b1` : enable  the Timer/Counter 0 Compare Match A
      interrupt


* We also want to set `OCR0A` (Output Compare Register A) to `250` for the
  number of "ticks per millisecond" (see below)

* Since we're using CTC mode with `OCIE0A` enabled, we will be using the
  `TIMER0_COMPA_vect` interrupt vector (see
  [the avr-libc documentation on interrupts]
  (http://www.nongnu.org/avr-libc/user-manual/group__avr__interrupts.html)).

Other Notes

  • References:

  • For a CPU frequency of 16 MHz:

    prescale value ticks per millisecond

                1       16000
            8        2000
           64         250
          256          62.5
         1024          15.625
    • So if we set the prescaler to 64, we can just barely get to a millisecond within the range of an 8-bit counter (2^8-1 = 255, and we need 250 ticks).

  • Setting COM0A and COM0B to 0 (or, rather, leaving them that way) is very important: other things may be operating on those pins (PB7 and PD0 respectively), and we don't want normal port functionality to be overridden.

  • Abbreviations:

    • COM: Compare
    • CS: Clock Select
    • FOC: Force Output Compare
    • OCIE: Output Compare Interrupt Enable
    • OCR: Output Compare Register
    • `TCCR: Timer/Counter Control Register
    • TCCR: Timer/Counter Control Register
    • TIMSK: Timer/Counter Interrupt Mask Register
    • TOIE: Timer/Counter Overflow Interrupt Enable
    • WGM: Waveform Generation Module

Copyright © 2013 Ben Blazak benblazak.dev@gmail.com
Released under The MIT License (see "doc/licenses/MIT.md")
Project located at https://github.com/benblazak/ergodox-firmware