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consciousness explained done, plus some minor changes
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@ -16,16 +16,15 @@ All major changes on the site
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work without unnecessarily strong opinions and emotions).
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work without unnecessarily strong opinions and emotions).
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I rewrote and greatly extended my thoughts on Dennett's [Consciousness
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I rewrote and greatly extended my thoughts on Dennett's [Consciousness
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Explained].
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Explained]. Yes, I'm finally done with the book.
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I also decided to put some parts of my spoiler file online, once they have
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I also decided to put some parts of my spoiler file online, once they have
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proven to be useful. First are experiments with [Speed Reading], some general
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proven to be useful. First are experiments with [Speed Reading] and some
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hacks for [Good Sleep],.
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general hacks for [Good Sleep].
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On-site comments are gone, but I'm still very much open to anything over mail.
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On-site comments are gone, but I'm still very much open to anything over mail.
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Sorry for the broken links. At least the RSS feed is still there. ;)
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Sorry for the broken links. At least the RSS feed is still there. ;)
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[Consciousness Explained]: /reflections/con_exp.html
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[Consciousness Explained]: /reflections/con_exp.html
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[Determinism]: /reflections/determinism.html
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[Determinism]: /reflections/determinism.html
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[Poetry]: /poetry/
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[Poetry]: /poetry/
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@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ cool stuff I found out to myself? Information ought to be free, after all.
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- some hacks for [Good Sleep]
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- some hacks for [Good Sleep]
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- my experience and criticism of [Polyphasic Sleep]
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- my experience and criticism of [Polyphasic Sleep]
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[Reflections]
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[Reflections]
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=============
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=============
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@ -2,14 +2,13 @@
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This is a little series of thoughts on the book "Consciousness Explained" by
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This is a little series of thoughts on the book "Consciousness Explained" by
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Daniel Dennett. I was having a lot of problems the first time through and gave
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Daniel Dennett. I was having a lot of problems the first time through and gave
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up in a rage, but enough people I respect recommend the book.
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up in a rage, but enough people I respect recommended the book. So to find out
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if it's just me and my personal bias, I started to read it again, giving Dennett
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So to find out if it's just me and my personal bias, I started to read it again,
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more credit than before. I comment on most of the book, but might skip parts I
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giving Dennett more credit than before. I comment on most of the book, but might
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simply agree with and have nothing to say about. I planned to have at least a
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skip parts I simply agree with and have nothing to say about. I planned to have
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detailed criticism the second time through, but actually was influenced so much
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at least a detailed criticism the second time through, but actually was
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by it that it quite literally changed my life and whole way of thinking, trying
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influenced so much by it that it quite literally changed my life and whole way
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to sort it all out and somehow refute Dennett.
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of thinking, trying to sort it all out and somehow refute Dennett.
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Hallucinations
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Hallucinations
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==============
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==============
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@ -330,12 +329,6 @@ about music and tones, but never mentions seeing music, which I do,
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to a degree. Different tones *look* different to me, but they don't
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to a degree. Different tones *look* different to me, but they don't
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*sound* very different - and least not in any meaningful way.[^vis]
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*sound* very different - and least not in any meaningful way.[^vis]
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[^vis]: You can even hack your brain here and change what part of it handles
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what. You can shift, through practice (and not very much, really - a few weeks
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may be enough to get very cool results) or drugs, your thoughts from being _an
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inner voice_ to _pure text_ to _images_ and so on, and mix-and-match wildly. I
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wrote some about that in my experiment on [speed reading].
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Now, this in itself is not a problem - different parts of the brain doing the
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Now, this in itself is not a problem - different parts of the brain doing the
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parsing and so on, which (for a multitude of reasons) is very different among
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parsing and so on, which (for a multitude of reasons) is very different among
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individuals. I just find it weird that Dennett seems to assume that, in general,
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individuals. I just find it weird that Dennett seems to assume that, in general,
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@ -377,24 +370,29 @@ Die Entdeckung der Langsamkeit
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> them to feel a little bit bad about their throwing it across the room, maybe
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> them to feel a little bit bad about their throwing it across the room, maybe
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> go and retrieve it and think well, hang on, yes, this irritated me but maybe I
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> go and retrieve it and think well, hang on, yes, this irritated me but maybe I
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> don't have the right to be irritated.
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> don't have the right to be irritated.
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> -Daniel Dennett, about [Breaking the Spell]
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>
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> -- Daniel Dennett, about [Breaking the Spell]
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Although Dennett meant a different book, he still pretty much sums up how I feel
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Although Dennett meant a different book, he still pretty much sums up how I feel
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"Consciousness Explained". If I weren't reading PDFs and library books, I
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about "Consciousness Explained". If I actually owned his book, I literally would
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literally would have thrown them against the wall. Multiple times, in fact.
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have thrown it against the wall. Multiple times, in fact.
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But the more I came to think about it and analyzed *why* I disagreed so much
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But the more I came to think about it and analyzed *why* I disagreed so much
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with him, the more I realized that I really had very poor reasons to do so. No
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with him, the more I realized that I really had very poor reasons to do so. No
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matter how weak I thought his arguments were, I couldn't just reject them
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matter how weak I thought his arguments were, I couldn't just reject them
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without good arguments of my own, and I found out I didn't have any!
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without good arguments of my own, and I found out I didn't have any!
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I spent a good 4 months or so reading through lots of literature, trying to
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To get a better idea of the context Dennett operates in, I needed to first know
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develop a better understanding of the topic. Some of my earlier criticism I now
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all current models of consciousness, which lead to a *tremendous* amount of
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even reject. No matter how much of his work I might find myself agreeing with
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reading. I spent a good 4 months or so going through many books per week, trying
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in the future, I already am glad I stuck with the book. Dennett raised all hell
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to develop a better understanding of the topic, and mostly, to understand my own
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in my brain and demonstrated to me quite clearly that I have been in heavy
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motivations and beliefs.
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rationalization mode for some time now. I will have to deconstruct and tear
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apart a lot more until I reach internal consistency again, so let's go on!
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No matter how much of his work I might find myself agreeing with in the future,
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I already am glad I stuck with the book. Dennett raised all hell in my brain and
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demonstrated to me quite clearly that I have been in heavy rationalization mode
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for some time now. I will have to deconstruct and tear apart a lot more until I
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reach internal consistency again, so let's go on!
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Multiple Drafts and Central Meaning
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Multiple Drafts and Central Meaning
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-----------------------------------
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-----------------------------------
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@ -429,42 +427,261 @@ the belief in the self is the very first thing on the way to nirvana a Buddhist
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has to overcome. It can take many forms, but the basic experience of selfless
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has to overcome. It can take many forms, but the basic experience of selfless
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existence is one thing really *every* mystic or guru or saint has ever said or
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existence is one thing really *every* mystic or guru or saint has ever said or
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written something about that I just thought it to be common knowledge. How could
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written something about that I just thought it to be common knowledge. How could
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you *not* know this? Did you also not know that the sun rises in the east?
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you *not* know this? Did you also not know that the sun rises in the
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east?[^meaning]
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But then, really, it shouldn't have surprised me. This mainstream ignorance was
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Pandemonium
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exactly what drove me away from many scientists (but not science) and
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------------
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intellectuals. Many times did I experience how a group of generally smart people
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would read a text about or by someone who had a mystic experience, and it
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doesn't matter whether the mystic content is just incidental or the only point,
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and they would completely *miss it*. I didn't even believe this for years
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because it is so obvious to me. They may read the Gospel of John, or talk about
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the ideas of St. Augustine, or discuss the purpose of monasteries, and they
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either never bring up the mystic content or dismiss it as poetic language. How
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someone can read the Gospel of John as a *political* text is beyond me. I would
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just listen, confused, how they'd discuss some of Jesus' teaching, say about the
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kingdom of god for example, and bring forth all kinds of interpretations; that it
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is a political vision (maybe a new state for the oppressed people, or an early
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form of communism), or that it is cult rhetoric, or a moral teaching, or a
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literary metaphor to drive home a certain point in his parables, and so on, all
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taking seriously at least as *possible* interpretations which would now have to
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be justified or criticised. It never seemed to occur to them at all that Jesus
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*meant exactly what he said*, that he was really speaking of the kingdom of god,
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something he had experienced himself and was now reporting on, not something he
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had invented in any way or wanted to establish, even though he warns multiple
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times explicitly that "though seeing, they do not see; though hearing, they do
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not hear or understand". He, and I, took the experience of these things as a
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given. *Of course* they exist, I had seen the kingdom, that's what got me
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interested in learning more about it in the first place. Surely you all have,
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too? Wait, no? You are puzzled what he could have possible meant? What?!
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Dennett harshly reminds me of this myopia, most profoundly demonstrated by
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The crucial part in Dennett's draft, I think, is the chaotic and decentral
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philosophers. They have never even seen the terrain, yet they try to draw a map
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nature of it. There isn't "one" mind or "one" meaner that does all the meaning,
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anyway. No wonder Dennett has to take apart so many ideas I didn't even consider
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but many small, independent circuits, often only temporary units that realign
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worth mentioning. I now feel sympathy for Dennett.
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themselves constantly, that cooperate, but also compete with each other for
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dominion in the brain. The ultimate results are just the winner of that battle
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and may shift or even disagree all the time.
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This is an astonishing fact, without which *no* action of the brain can ever be
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properly understood. Still, it took Dennett, what?, 250 pages to get there?
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*Really?* This is my main criticism of the book; it just meanders on and on
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without getting its real message across. And the excuse that it takes that long
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to explain doesn't fly with me. The problem is not so much the message, not the
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science. Discordian literature, for example, has no problem explaining this
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point right away. Robert Anton Wilson even starts "Prometheus Rising" right with
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it because you can't understand anything without it. The first lesson in any
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mystic tradition was always breaking the self. As long as you believe in the
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unity of self, you can never learn, or in other words, as long as something
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*looks* like a black box to you, it will always *be* a black box to you. Only
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magic can help you then.
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The problem really lies with the reader. Dennett understands how stubborn and
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difficult to modify the human mind is, so he sugarcoats his message as much as
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he can, trying to distract the reader long enough that he can get them to agree
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with each part step by step, until the difficult conclusion will seem obvious.
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This may even be a good tactic, but I feel utterly disgusted by it. You are
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effectively trying to upgrade a broken system not by fixing it, but by slowly,
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tenuously, working around its bugs. The *proper* solution would be to get rid of
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the system altogether! Destroy their superstitions, make all their assumptions
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crash and contradict each other, lead them into a state of pure chaos from which
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nothing old can ever emerge again! Operation Mindfuck!
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[^ego]: This is often called "ego death" in hallucinogen culture, but also being
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But we don't do this. Buddhism understood this perfectly. *First* you must make
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the student enlightened, *then* you can teach them about their mind and
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meta-physics and so on. The Buddha never discussed any teaching with a beginner,
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simply because it would be impossible. Only *after* you have a prepared mind can
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you understand the problem properly. But nothing of this sort happens in modern
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science. No neuroscientist is required to learn meditation, or take courses on
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philosophy, or given a spiritual challenge: "You are going to take DMT, and
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until you can properly deal with it, your research will be considered worthless.
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When you stop screaming and sobbing like a baby and can sit calmly through it,
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we'll read your paper. Otherwise, you haven't even *seen* the real mind, so what
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could you tell us about it?"[^dmt]
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And this shows, again and again. Because of this we get clusterfucks like the
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Beyond Belief conference, on which I can really only quote Scott Atran[^atran]:
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> I certainly don't see in this audience the slightest indication that people
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> here are emotionally, intellectually equipped to deal with the facts of
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> changing human knowledge in the context of unchanging human needs, that
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> haven't changed much since the Pleistocene. And I *don't* see that there's any
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> evidence that science is being used to try to understand the people you are
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> trying to convince to join you. So, for example, the statements we've heard
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> here about Islam, in this audience, are worse than any comic book statements
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> that I've heard about it and make the classic comic books look like the
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> Encyclopedia Britannica. Statements about who the Jihadis are, who a suicide
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> bomber is, what a religious experience is; except for one person, you haven't
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> the slightest idea, you haven't produced one single fact, you haven't produced
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> one single bit of knowledge, not a single bit. Every case provided here is an
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> N of 1, our own intuition, except for Rama[^rama], who had an N of 2 (one
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> brain patient). Luckily, we had *some* diversity. And from there,
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> generalizations are made about religion, about what to do about religion,
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> about how science is to engage or not engage religion, about what is rubbish
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> and what is not. It strikes me that if you ever wanted to be serious and you
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> want to engage the public to make it a moral, peaceful and compassionate
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> world, you've gotta get real. You've got to get some data. You've got to get
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> some knowledge. And you can't trust your own intuitions about how the world
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> is. Be scientists! There is no indication whatsoever that anything we've heard
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> shows any evidence of scientific inquiry.
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Evasion
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=======
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But enough of praise. The last might have given you the impression that I was
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convinced by Dennett, that his approach seemed reasonable to me. And in fact,
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for a while, I was. Fortunately, along came another chapter, the one about
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"philosophical problems of consciousness", in which Dennett tries to answer some
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criticism of his model. Most of it is just fine, including the zombie[^zombie]
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part, but the part on *seeming*... oh, *seeming*...
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Dennett reviews his progress so far and pretends to address one obvious
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criticism: that he still hasn't explained qualia. And he is very much aware of
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it, but he just plain refuses to answer, just throwing a few smoke-bombs
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instead, hoping the reader forgets all about it! It's like, "Why are there still
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qualia?" -> "To understand qualia, we must understand phenomenology." -> "To
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understand phenomenology, we must understand selves." -> "Hey I got them really
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cool stories about them multiple selves! Let me show you them!" -> "Any
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questions?". Like, what?! I feel I just got mugged by that stupid... ALL GLORY
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TO THE HYPNOTOAD.
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Dennett still completely depends on a big leap of faith. He can not explain the
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*particular* features of consciousness. His draft, or functionalism in general,
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may be capable of explaining the observable outside behaviour, but not the
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resulting subjective experience. Or in other words, functionalism may figure out
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what particular point in Design Space we inhibit and how we got there, but not
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*why* Design Space looks the way it does. To give an example, functionalism and
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evolution explains just fine why the difference between ripe and unripe apples
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is reflected in their different perceived color, but not why *red* looks like
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*red* and not like *green* instead. He can only explain the *differentiation*,
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but not the absolute position!
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I'm sure Dennett would answer that this is a meaningless question to ask and
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that's exactly what's infuriating me so much about the book. To me, that is a
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perfectly obvious and most important question to ask! The problem is essentially
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that Dennett seems to believe that giving a full description is *enough*. It
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*isn't*. This is most clearly demonstrated, in my opinion, by [Langton's Ant].
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Basically, Langton's Ant is a little ant on an infinite 2-dimensional grid.
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Every step, it will look at the color of the field it is on: if it is white, it
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colors it black and turns left, or if it is black, it colors it white and turns
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right. Afterwards, it moves one field straight ahead and then repeats itself.
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There, I just gave you a *full description* of the universe of Langton's Ant. I
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left nothing out, all the rules are in there. If you want, you can build your
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own, genuine Ant from that, without anything missing. But then you observe the
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ant and the following happens:
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![Langton's Ant builds a highway](LangtonsAnt.png)
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Once the highway is started, the ant will build nothing else anymore. This
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*seems* to be true for all possible starting grids, and it has been proven that
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the ant will always expand beyond any finite grid, but will it always build a
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highway? *Nobody knows*.
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Do you see now that very interesting and important facts about the ant are still
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left out, even though we have a perfect functional analysis of it? There's
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clearly more to it, more yet to learn!
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If that's the best functionalism can do, then the Titanic just met its
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iceberg.[^functionalism]
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Conclusion
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==========
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In the end, Dennett makes many good points. He successfully points out the false
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Cartesian theatre many people are still trapped in and presents a reasonable
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draft as a way out. Most of the confusion and ignorance is the fault of the poor
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state of current science and lies not with Dennett. He, ultimately, succeeds in
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pointing it out and dismantling it, showing what a proper theory of
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consciousness must look like, what it all must explain and what parts we can not
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just ignore.
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Nonetheless, he still lacks one thing the most, and he himself reminds us of
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this:
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> 'Why, Dan", ask the people in Artificial Intelligence, "do you waste your time
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> conferring with those neuroscientists? They wave their hands about
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> 'information processing' and worry about where it happens, and which
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> neurotransmitters are involved, and all those boring facts, but they haven't a
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> clue about the computational requirements of higher cognitive functions."
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> "Why", ask the neuroscientists, "do you waste your time on the fantasies of
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> Artificial Intelligence? They just invent whatever machinery they want, and
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> say unpardonably ignorant things about the brain." The cognitive
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> psychologists, meanwhile, are accused of concocting models with neither
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||||||
|
> biological plausibility nor proven computational powers; the anthropologists
|
||||||
|
> wouldn't know a model if they saw one, and the philosophers, as we all know,
|
||||||
|
> just take in each other's laundry, warning about confusions they themselves
|
||||||
|
> have created, in an arena bereft of both data and empirically testable
|
||||||
|
> theories. With so many idiots working on the problem, no wonder consciousness
|
||||||
|
> is still a mystery.
|
||||||
|
>
|
||||||
|
> All these charges are true, and more besides, but I have yet to encounter any
|
||||||
|
> idiots. Mostly the theorists I have drawn from strike me as very smart people
|
||||||
|
> - even brilliant people, with the arrogance and impatience that often comes
|
||||||
|
> with brilliance - but with limited perspectives and agendas, trying to make
|
||||||
|
> progress on hard problems by taking whatever shortcuts they can see, while
|
||||||
|
> deploring other people's shortcuts. No one can keep all the problems and
|
||||||
|
> details clear, including me, and everyone has to mumble, guess, and handwave
|
||||||
|
> about large parts of the problem.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
One thing I'm entirely missing are the exploits. Where are all the useful things
|
||||||
|
his first draft allows me to do? We *still* don't understand quantum theory, but
|
||||||
|
we sure can build technology based on it, so we can't be totally wrong. Where's
|
||||||
|
the collection of useful mind hacks, which must exist, if Dennett's meme theory
|
||||||
|
is correct? What cool things can I do, knowing that my mind is a chaotic
|
||||||
|
pandemonium?
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The first sign of enlightenment in Buddhism, the so-called stream entry, is
|
||||||
|
officially categorized by, among other things, the disappearance of doubt in the
|
||||||
|
teachings - you still don't understand them, but you have seen such great
|
||||||
|
results, that there must be something to it. The Buddha must know *something*.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
All the good things aside, Dennett extrapolates epically, going from one minor
|
||||||
|
phenomenon to a full description of the brain, explaining nothing along the way,
|
||||||
|
hoping some hand-waving and bold assertions can compensate for it. This is the
|
||||||
|
same major failing so common in psychology and economy; you do a study with a
|
||||||
|
dozen students in a lab and from that interfere the behaviour of nations.
|
||||||
|
Furthermore, Dennett actually leaves out crucial parts. This is not necessarily
|
||||||
|
a problem of his draft (and I think it can be fixed), but he ignores so much of
|
||||||
|
consciousness, all the really weird and extraordinary features, that he can
|
||||||
|
hardly call it all "explained". His hubris is over 9000!
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
"Consciousness Explained" is badly written, fails to live up to its ideals,
|
||||||
|
points out more the failing of its competition than come with any strengths of
|
||||||
|
its own, and so just like Linux, is **highly recommended**. It's what it does to
|
||||||
|
your mind that counts, not what it actually is.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[^functionalism]:
|
||||||
|
This chapter makes it look like I have lost all hope in functionalism, but
|
||||||
|
that's probably a bit to pessimistic just now. Functionalism has lead to
|
||||||
|
great discoveries and contains many valuable insights, particularly for AI
|
||||||
|
research, so I'm still sure that it's a worthwhile endeavour for some time
|
||||||
|
to come, but I do have severe doubts that it will succeed in the end to
|
||||||
|
explain consciousness. I see no indication so far that it is even powerful
|
||||||
|
enough to do that, but we'll have to see. There's no reason to abandon
|
||||||
|
something that still produces results.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[^dmt]:
|
||||||
|
This is quite close to what many Ayahuasca groups do. Everyone is required
|
||||||
|
to drink it at least once a week, and for quite a while, they are probably
|
||||||
|
going to die and go right through hell again and again, until their soul has
|
||||||
|
become pure and they can begin to learn. This is a rather harsh treatment,
|
||||||
|
but it works exceptionally well.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[^meaning]:
|
||||||
|
But then, really, it shouldn't have surprised me. This mainstream ignorance
|
||||||
|
was exactly what drove me away from many scientists (but not science) and
|
||||||
|
intellectuals. Many times did I experience how a group of generally smart
|
||||||
|
people would read a text about or by someone who had a mystic experience,
|
||||||
|
and it doesn't matter whether the mystic content is just incidental or the
|
||||||
|
only point, and they would completely *miss it*. I didn't even believe this
|
||||||
|
for years because it is so obvious to me. They may read the Gospel of John,
|
||||||
|
or talk about the ideas of St. Augustine, or discuss the purpose of
|
||||||
|
monasteries, and they either never bring up the mystic content or dismiss it
|
||||||
|
as poetic language. How someone can read the Gospel of John as a *political*
|
||||||
|
text is beyond me. I would just listen, confused, how they'd discuss some of
|
||||||
|
Jesus' teaching, say about the kingdom of god for example, and bring forth
|
||||||
|
all kinds of interpretations; that it is a political vision (maybe a new
|
||||||
|
state for the oppressed people, or an early form of communism), or that it
|
||||||
|
is cult rhetoric, or a moral teaching, or a literary metaphor to drive home
|
||||||
|
a certain point in his parables, and so on, all taking seriously at least as
|
||||||
|
*possible* interpretations which would now have to be justified or
|
||||||
|
criticised. It never seemed to occur to them at all that Jesus *meant
|
||||||
|
exactly what he said*, that he was really speaking of the kingdom of god,
|
||||||
|
something he had experienced himself and was now reporting on, not something
|
||||||
|
he had invented in any way or wanted to establish, even though he warns
|
||||||
|
multiple times explicitly that "though seeing, they do not see; though
|
||||||
|
hearing, they do not hear or understand". He, and I, took the experience of
|
||||||
|
these things as a given. *Of course* they exist, I had seen the kingdom,
|
||||||
|
that's what got me interested in learning more about it in the first place.
|
||||||
|
Surely you all have, too? Wait, no? You are puzzled what he could have
|
||||||
|
possible meant? What?!
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Dennett harshly reminds me of this myopia, most profoundly demonstrated by
|
||||||
|
philosophers. They have never even seen the terrain, yet they try to draw a
|
||||||
|
map anyway. No wonder Dennett has to take apart so many ideas I didn't even
|
||||||
|
consider worth mentioning. I now feel sympathy for Dennett.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[^ego]:
|
||||||
|
This is often called "ego death" in hallucinogen culture, but also being
|
||||||
"born again" in Christian tradition and many other things. It is in my
|
"born again" in Christian tradition and many other things. It is in my
|
||||||
opinion the defining experience behind all mysticism and the first and most
|
opinion the defining experience behind all mysticism and the first and most
|
||||||
important requirement for any spiritual progress. The best indicator is
|
important requirement for any spiritual progress. The best indicator is
|
||||||
|
@ -472,7 +689,7 @@ worth mentioning. I now feel sympathy for Dennett.
|
||||||
characteristic that mystics seem to be entirely without worry about death,
|
characteristic that mystics seem to be entirely without worry about death,
|
||||||
or much worry in general.
|
or much worry in general.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^md]: Dennett has written good another explanation of the multiple drafts model
|
[^md]: Dennett has written another good explanation of the multiple drafts model
|
||||||
for [Scholarpedia] including some updates and corrections. I'm not going to
|
for [Scholarpedia] including some updates and corrections. I'm not going to
|
||||||
reiterate it here.
|
reiterate it here.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -533,10 +750,81 @@ worth mentioning. I now feel sympathy for Dennett.
|
||||||
whatsoever, except that this kind of phenomenon just happens, according to
|
whatsoever, except that this kind of phenomenon just happens, according to
|
||||||
certain rules.
|
certain rules.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Dennett commits a (rather brutal) category error here. He confuses
|
Dennett commits a (rather brutal) error here. He defines a "cause" somewhat
|
||||||
deterministic causes and narrative causes. He insists on defending that we
|
like the following (which I fully agree with): A cause is a set of
|
||||||
are narratively free - we guss what possible world we are in and can choose
|
"features" of a world, such that they are both sufficient (i.e., if the
|
||||||
our actions accordingly. But that is not what causal determinism is *about*.
|
features are present, then in *every* possible world the effect will occur)
|
||||||
|
and necessary (i.e., there is *no* possible world, such that the effect
|
||||||
|
occurs, but the cause not). He then rightfully concludes, aha!, there is no
|
||||||
|
cause for World War 1 because you certainly can't find such a single cause
|
||||||
|
that it would always result in the war. But the proper conclusion to draw in
|
||||||
|
that case is *not* that there are effects without causes, but that in fact
|
||||||
|
you are dealing with an *improper* effect, an invalid object. "World War 1"
|
||||||
|
is not a proper thing to call an effect. Instead, you would have to break it
|
||||||
|
down *a lot*. You can investigate what the cause for the murder of Archduke
|
||||||
|
Franz Ferdinand was, for example, and build your pseudo-effect up from that:
|
||||||
|
"World War 1" is the sum of effects "Murder of Archduke Franz Ferdinand" and
|
||||||
|
so on, each of which has a proper cause. (If necessary, you may have to go
|
||||||
|
down to the subatomic level, of course, where you will find a guaranteed
|
||||||
|
proper effect) Or, you go on to create a more abstract framework and
|
||||||
|
investigate what the cause for a major diplomatic catastrophe of that
|
||||||
|
magnitude is, without including any specifics.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
He confuses deterministic causes and narrative causes. He insists on
|
||||||
|
defending that we are narratively free - we can convince ourselves that we
|
||||||
|
are "free enough", even in a deterministic world and can choose our actions
|
||||||
|
accordingly. It may even be in our best interest to do so, as Dennett notes:
|
||||||
|
fatalists often perform far worse. But that is not what causal determinism
|
||||||
|
is *about*. You can't just toss aside a question and declare that your
|
||||||
|
make-believe is a proper answer just because you don't *like* the
|
||||||
|
implications. If I wrote a book about how *there clearly is a god*, citing
|
||||||
|
evidence that believing in it makes me more evolutionary successful, Dennett
|
||||||
|
would *rightfully* dismiss it because belief and belief-in-belief are
|
||||||
|
clearly different questions!
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
"Freedom evolves" is a very nice demonstration of the massive bias present
|
||||||
|
in most recent atheists; they clearly don't show the same rigour or attitude
|
||||||
|
with regard to any *other* question outside of religion. For them, the
|
||||||
|
conclusion came first and the arguments only later. Except Christopher
|
||||||
|
Hitchens, though, I don't see anyone of them admit that.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[tripzine]: http://www.tripzine.com/listing.php?smlid=268
|
[tripzine]: http://www.tripzine.com/listing.php?smlid=268
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[Breaking the Spell]: http://www.philosophypress.co.uk/?p=1001
|
[Breaking the Spell]: http://www.philosophypress.co.uk/?p=1001
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[speed reading]: /experiments/speedreading.html
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[Langton's Ant]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langton's_ant
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[^zombie]:
|
||||||
|
I'd have to say that I don't know how I stand on the p-zombie issue.
|
||||||
|
Or rather, I *am* sure that *most* people are p-zombies. I'm not sure if
|
||||||
|
*all* are, including me.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
In fact, I consider it a real possibility that most people *are* less
|
||||||
|
conscious than mystics are, leading to Dennett actually having less features
|
||||||
|
that need explaining. But I wouldn't yet commit fully to this idea, nor
|
||||||
|
would I know whether this is simply a problem of degree, that the mystics
|
||||||
|
simply have better soul-reception with which to receive more programs, if
|
||||||
|
you want, or if there is a real qualitative difference, a distinct property
|
||||||
|
people like Dennett just plain don't have.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
However, my main problem with p-zombies would be that both standard camps
|
||||||
|
aren't radical *enough* for me. If p-zombies are conceivable, why are you
|
||||||
|
such cowards to not openly speculate that some people, maybe everyone but
|
||||||
|
you, is one? If they are not, why are you hesitating to say that a bat, a
|
||||||
|
thermostat and Mickey Mouse are conscious? Absolutely no balls.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[^rama]: Vilayanur S. Ramachandran. Very awesome.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[^atran]: Unfortunately, I haven't been able to actually read anything by Scott
|
||||||
|
Atran, but he's very high on my todo. His comments were the highlight of
|
||||||
|
both BB 1 and 2.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[^vis]:
|
||||||
|
You can even hack your brain here and change what part of it handles what.
|
||||||
|
You can shift, through practice (and not very much, really - a few weeks may
|
||||||
|
be enough to get very cool results) or drugs, your thoughts from being _an
|
||||||
|
inner voice_ to _pure text_ to _images_ and so on, and mix-and-match wildly.
|
||||||
|
I wrote some about that in my experiment on [speed reading].
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
73
src/reflections/find_the_bug.pdc
Normal file
73
src/reflections/find_the_bug.pdc
Normal file
|
@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
|
||||||
|
% Find the Bug
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The book "[Find the Bug](http://www.findthebug.com)" by Adam Barr, to quote the
|
||||||
|
author, "[...] contains 50 programs, in one of five languages (C, Java, Python,
|
||||||
|
Perl, and x86 assembly language). Each program contains a single, hard-to-detect
|
||||||
|
but realistic bug—no tricky *gotchas*.". The idea is to train your ability to
|
||||||
|
find bugs. The examples claim to be something you might be asked to do in a job
|
||||||
|
interview. "Write me an algorithm to do $x!" and you move up to a whiteboard,
|
||||||
|
write a few dozen lines in a language of your choosing (thus the 5 languages in
|
||||||
|
the book) and now you must be able to defend it or critize it (depending on
|
||||||
|
whether you are the interviewer or not). You don't have test cases, you can't
|
||||||
|
compile it, you only have your brain.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
This is a really neat idea *in principle*, but unfortunetaly, the execution is
|
||||||
|
rather lacking. The enforced simplicity (every programm has to fit on one page)
|
||||||
|
ignores many realistic kinds of bugs. None of the examples require much
|
||||||
|
background knowledge, which at first looks like a good idea, but again is rather
|
||||||
|
unrealistic. If I'm writing a level generator for a game and my random number
|
||||||
|
generator has a bug, then I'll probably only see it in some cases and finding it
|
||||||
|
may require a bit of statistical knowledge. Just because I dislike statistics
|
||||||
|
doesn't mean I get to ignore them.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Especially bad is the fact that there are no performance optimizations. The code
|
||||||
|
is always as clean and simple as it can be to solve the problem, but that's not
|
||||||
|
what real code looks like. In some cases, this is alright, but there are plenty
|
||||||
|
of low-level function like memory allocation, string parsing or sorting and
|
||||||
|
those normally have the hell optimized out of them. A "clever trick" is exactly
|
||||||
|
the kind of thing that is widespread, evil and buggy.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Also, the examples sometimes aren't really typical. The Python and Perl code in
|
||||||
|
particular looks nothing like normal code. The Python code is way too low-level,
|
||||||
|
uses no list comprehension and barely anything of the extensive library. In
|
||||||
|
short, it's rather unpythonic and looks a lot more like quickly converted C
|
||||||
|
code. The Perl code has multiple comments and meaningful variable names,
|
||||||
|
something no self-respecting Perl hacker would ever use. :\>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
It's a bit hard to avoid because you can't throw around all the neat little
|
||||||
|
features everyone familiar with the language would use while still assuming that
|
||||||
|
the reader has at best a passing knowledge themselves. It would have been a lot
|
||||||
|
better to either stick with a common and small language (like C) or use pseudo
|
||||||
|
code instead. Most bugs aren't language specific anyway, so this wouldn't have
|
||||||
|
hurt the book. Finally, some of the example code is just... strange. There is
|
||||||
|
one Java example that wants to find out whether a year is a leap year or not.
|
||||||
|
The relevant logic is this:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
~~~ {.java}
|
||||||
|
// A leap year is a multiple of 4, unless it is
|
||||||
|
// a multiple of 100, unless it is a multiple of
|
||||||
|
// 400.
|
||||||
|
//
|
||||||
|
// We calculate the three values, then make a
|
||||||
|
// 3-bit binary value out of them and look it up
|
||||||
|
// in results.
|
||||||
|
//
|
||||||
|
final boolean results[] =
|
||||||
|
{ false, false, false, false,
|
||||||
|
true, false, false, true };
|
||||||
|
if (results[
|
||||||
|
((((yearAsLong % 4) == 0) ? 1 : 0) << 2) +
|
||||||
|
((((yearAsLong % 100) == 0) ? 1 : 0) << 1) +
|
||||||
|
((((yearAsLong % 400) == 0) ? 1 : 0) << 0)]) {
|
||||||
|
throw new LeapYearException();
|
||||||
|
} else {
|
||||||
|
throw new NotLeapYearException();
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
~~~
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
If I ever meet anyone who uses something like this, then all my promises of
|
||||||
|
non-violence will be void. However, it *is* a rather typical example of the
|
||||||
|
twisted and mad code a Java programmer would write, so kudos to the author. It's
|
||||||
|
still an abomination, though. Anyway, a lot of wasted potential. \*sigh\*
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
Loading…
Reference in a new issue