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* added religion category
* ported con_exp, crucifixion * moved nav header to bottom
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@ -8,8 +8,13 @@ All major changes on the site
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{:#changelog}
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{:#changelog}
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- 2011/09/04: Converted whole site to [nanoc][]. Most of the content got
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- 2011/09/04: Converted whole site to [nanoc][]. Most of the content got
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re-organized, but not widely changed.
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re-organized, but not widely changed. The design is reasonably the same, with
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some minor tweaks. The navigation bar is now at the bottom to deal with some
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footnote issues.
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Every page has an [Epistemic State][] now. This is an important step to
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Every page has an [Epistemic State][] now. This is an important step to
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convert this into proper long-term content.
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convert this into proper long-term content. Sites are also dated now.
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I added the story [Milinda and the Minotaur][] I wrote some time ago, but
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never felt like publishing. Thanks to [epistemic states][Epistemic State]
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though, I now can.
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@ -20,4 +20,5 @@ the [Twitter][] feed or my [Blog][] for raw thought in smaller chunks.
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<%= category :experiments %>
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<%= category :experiments %>
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<%= category :reflections %>
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<%= category :reflections %>
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<%= category :religion %>
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<%= category :software %>
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<%= category :software %>
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@ -23,7 +23,11 @@ is_hidden: true
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[Berryz工房 - Dschinghis Khan]: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b7pui9Q6Vbo
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[Berryz工房 - Dschinghis Khan]: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b7pui9Q6Vbo
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[Using Neuroscience for Spiritual Practice]: http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=1030598948823323439
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[Using Neuroscience for Spiritual Practice]: http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=1030598948823323439
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[Enlightenment, Self and the Brain]: http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=5474604744218568426
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[Enlightenment, Self and the Brain]: http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=5474604744218568426
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[bible.org]: http://bible.org/netbible/index.htm
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[How Dawkins got pwned]: http://unqualified-reservations.blogspot.com/2007/10/how-dawkins-got-pwned-part-5.html
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[tripzine]: http://www.tripzine.com/listing.php?smlid=268
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[Breaking the Spell]: http://www.philosophypress.co.uk/?p=1001
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[Swartz Dennett]: http://www.aaronsw.com/weblog/dennettdumb
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<!-- Wikipedia articles (and similar) -->
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<!-- Wikipedia articles (and similar) -->
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@ -38,7 +42,16 @@ is_hidden: true
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[Trivialism]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trivialism
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[Trivialism]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trivialism
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[A-theory]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-series_and_B-series
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[A-theory]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-series_and_B-series
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[B-theory]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-series_and_B-series
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[B-theory]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-series_and_B-series
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[Julian Jaynes]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_Jaynes
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[Sathya Sai Baba]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sathya_Sai_Baba
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[Marcion]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcion_of_Sinope
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[Simon Magus]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Magus
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[Arising and Passing Away]: http://www.dharmaoverground.org/web/guest/dharma-wiki/-/wiki/Main/The%20Arising%20and%20Passing%20Away?p_r_p_185834411_title=The%20Arising%20and%20Passing%20Away
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[Robert M. Price]: http://robertmprice.mindvendor.com
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[Tathagata]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tath%C4%81gata
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[Langton's Ant]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langton's_ant
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[Multiple Drafts]: http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Multiple_drafts_model
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[Vilayanur S. Ramachandran]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilayanur_S._Ramachandran
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<!-- internal links -->
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<!-- internal links -->
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[RSS]: /rss.xml
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[RSS]: /rss.xml
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Before Width: | Height: | Size: 1.2 KiB After Width: | Height: | Size: 1.2 KiB |
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@ -1,11 +1,16 @@
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% Consciousness Explained
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---
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title: Consciousness Explained
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date: 2010-05-13
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techne: :done
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episteme: :discredited
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---
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This is a little series of thoughts on the book "Consciousness Explained" by
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This is a little series of thoughts on the book "Consciousness Explained" by
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Daniel Dennett. I was having a lot of problems the first time through and gave
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Daniel Dennett. I was having a lot of problems the first time through and gave
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up in a rage, but enough people I respect recommended the book. So to find out
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up in a rage, but enough people I respect recommended the book. So to find out
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if it's just me and my personal bias, I started to read it again, giving Dennett
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if it's just me and my personal bias, I started to read it again, giving Dennett
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more credit than before. I comment on most of the book, but might skip parts I
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more credit than before. I comment on most of the book, but might skip parts I
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simply agree with and have nothing to say about. I planned to have at least a
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simply agree with and have nothing to say about. I planned to have at least a
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detailed criticism the second time through, but actually was influenced so much
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detailed criticism the second time through, but actually was influenced so much
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by it that it quite literally changed my life and whole way of thinking, trying
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by it that it quite literally changed my life and whole way of thinking, trying
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to sort it all out and somehow refute Dennett.
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to sort it all out and somehow refute Dennett.
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@ -143,7 +148,7 @@ Susan Blackmore has extensive drug and meditation experiences, as has Sam Harris
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and almost everyone else I know that is interested in some aspect of their own
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and almost everyone else I know that is interested in some aspect of their own
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mind. I find it really hard to imagine the mindset of a person that wants to
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mind. I find it really hard to imagine the mindset of a person that wants to
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understand minds, yet doesn't start hacking their own one right away. The term
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understand minds, yet doesn't start hacking their own one right away. The term
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"ivory tower academic" never seemed more appropriate.
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"ivory tower academic" never seemed more appropriate.
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But back to the book itself. As I mentioned, I was still, at least partially,
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But back to the book itself. As I mentioned, I was still, at least partially,
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convinced I had experienced strong hallucinations before. So is Dennett's
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convinced I had experienced strong hallucinations before. So is Dennett's
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@ -171,7 +176,7 @@ called "Psychoanalysis":
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> [in spite of the final t, applying the noncontradiction override] When the
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> [in spite of the final t, applying the noncontradiction override] When the
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> dupe returns to the room and begins questioning, he gets a more or less
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> dupe returns to the room and begins questioning, he gets a more or less
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> random, or at any rate arbitrary, series of yeses and noes in response. The
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> random, or at any rate arbitrary, series of yeses and noes in response. The
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> results are often entertaining. Sometimes theprocess terminates swiftly in
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> results are often entertaining. Sometimes theprocess terminates swiftly in
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> absurdity, as one can see at a glance by supposing the initial question asked
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> absurdity, as one can see at a glance by supposing the initial question asked
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> were "Is the story line of the dream word-for-word identical to the story line
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> were "Is the story line of the dream word-for-word identical to the story line
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> of War and Peace?" or, alternatively, "Are there any animate beings in it?" A
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> of War and Peace?" or, alternatively, "Are there any animate beings in it?" A
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@ -195,7 +200,7 @@ intentions, geometric patterns and so on), and this isn't particularly hard, you
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really only need to cut off the regular input (as when sleeping), then the
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really only need to cut off the regular input (as when sleeping), then the
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narrative parts of the brain are in quite a tricky situation. Their job is to
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narrative parts of the brain are in quite a tricky situation. Their job is to
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make sense of all that, rationalizing both the outside world and your own
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make sense of all that, rationalizing both the outside world and your own
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behaviour. This is crucial in social situations; you really wanna figure out
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behaviour. This is crucial in social situations; you really wanna figure out
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fast who is plotting against you and whom you can trust. In fact, it is so
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fast who is plotting against you and whom you can trust. In fact, it is so
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useful, that even quite a bit of false positives isn't so bad. Some paranoia or
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useful, that even quite a bit of false positives isn't so bad. Some paranoia or
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thinking your PC hates you isn't so bad and can even help you analyze situations
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thinking your PC hates you isn't so bad and can even help you analyze situations
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@ -205,13 +210,13 @@ given (pseudo-)random noise, it will impose any story it thinks is most natural,
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i.e. most of the time other human(oid)s, recent emotions and so on. This is
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i.e. most of the time other human(oid)s, recent emotions and so on. This is
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exactly how dreams work and, in fact, most drug-induced hallucinations as well.
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exactly how dreams work and, in fact, most drug-induced hallucinations as well.
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The exact distortion and resulting flexibility in making up a good story depends
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The exact distortion and resulting flexibility in making up a good story depends
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on the drug, of course, and is quite interesting in itself.
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on the drug, of course, and is quite interesting in itself.
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But does this really explain my own strong hallucinations? I was reluctant to
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But does this really explain my own strong hallucinations? I was reluctant to
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accept this at first, but now have to agree with Dennett here. Thinking back,
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accept this at first, but now have to agree with Dennett here. Thinking back,
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and based on the most recent experiments, I am forced to concede this point. I
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and based on the most recent experiments, I am forced to concede this point. I
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never met an agent, or phenomenon at all, that was able to act against my own
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never met an agent, or phenomenon at all, that was able to act against my own
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will. James Kent describes this on [tripzine]:
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will. James Kent describes this on [tripzine][]:
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> However, the more I experimented with DMT the more I found that the "elves"
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> However, the more I experimented with DMT the more I found that the "elves"
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> were merely machinations of my own mind. While under the influence I found I
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> were merely machinations of my own mind. While under the influence I found I
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@ -226,10 +231,10 @@ will. James Kent describes this on [tripzine]:
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> any piece of data I did not already know, nor could their existence be
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> any piece of data I did not already know, nor could their existence be
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> sustained under any kind of prolonged scrutiny. Like a dream, once you realize
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> sustained under any kind of prolonged scrutiny. Like a dream, once you realize
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> you are dreaming you are actually slipping into wakefulness and the dream
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> you are dreaming you are actually slipping into wakefulness and the dream
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> fades. So it is with the elves as well. When you try to shine a light of
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> fades. So it is with the elves as well. When you try to shine a light of
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> reason on them they dissolve like shadows.
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> reason on them they dissolve like shadows.
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And so I gave up on believing in them, as reality, as Philip K. Dick said, "is
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And so I gave up on believing in them, as reality, as Philip K. Dick said, "is
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that which, when you stop believing in it, doesn't go away". One last thought
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that which, when you stop believing in it, doesn't go away". One last thought
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one the topic, though: Dennett contradicts himself here. If it is so relatively
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one the topic, though: Dennett contradicts himself here. If it is so relatively
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easy to lie to the brain, to convince it to see patterns that aren't there - and
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easy to lie to the brain, to convince it to see patterns that aren't there - and
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@ -255,7 +260,7 @@ Descartes' mind vs. matter, or a more toned down version Dennett calls the
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central place where consciousness happens, a seat of the "I", if you will. It is
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central place where consciousness happens, a seat of the "I", if you will. It is
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unfortunate that we still have to deal with this (even though it has been
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unfortunate that we still have to deal with this (even though it has been
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dismantled by Greek, Indian and many other thinkers for at least 2000 years),
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dismantled by Greek, Indian and many other thinkers for at least 2000 years),
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but the illusion is still powerful and has to be addressed.
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but the illusion is still powerful and has to be addressed.
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I also want to add that Dennett's point here (and later on, when he goes into
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I also want to add that Dennett's point here (and later on, when he goes into
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the details) is that there is no one central point _where consciousness
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the details) is that there is no one central point _where consciousness
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@ -321,13 +326,12 @@ like:
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> all blurry!" Now didn't you use an image or fleeting diagram of some sort to
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> all blurry!" Now didn't you use an image or fleeting diagram of some sort to
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> picture the mistake the speaker was making?
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> picture the mistake the speaker was making?
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I didn't. Humor, or stories in general, tend to be non-visual for
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I didn't. Humor, or stories in general, tend to be non-visual for me. They
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me. They happen "as language", not "as vision", if that makes any
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happen "as language", not "as vision", if that makes any sense. But for other
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sense. But for other experiences he doesn't emphasize the visual
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experiences he doesn't emphasize the visual component and I wonder, doesn't he
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component and I wonder, doesn't he have one there? He talks a lot
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have one there? He talks a lot about music and tones, but never mentions seeing
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about music and tones, but never mentions seeing music, which I do,
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music, which I do, to a degree. Different tones *look* different to me, but they
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to a degree. Different tones *look* different to me, but they don't
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don't *sound* very different - and least not in any meaningful way.[^vis]
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*sound* very different - and least not in any meaningful way.[^vis]
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Now, this in itself is not a problem - different parts of the brain doing the
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Now, this in itself is not a problem - different parts of the brain doing the
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parsing and so on, which (for a multitude of reasons) is very different among
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parsing and so on, which (for a multitude of reasons) is very different among
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@ -354,11 +358,11 @@ very idea, that like we mean the same animal when we say "dog" (with small
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caveats), we mean the same mental state when we say "think of a dog", is, to me,
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caveats), we mean the same mental state when we say "think of a dog", is, to me,
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almost absurd. There is some functional equivalence going on, sure, otherwise
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almost absurd. There is some functional equivalence going on, sure, otherwise
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communication would be impossible, but the exact implementations vary so much
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communication would be impossible, but the exact implementations vary so much
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that such a catalogue is doomed from the start.
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that such a catalogue is doomed from the start.
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There is a common advice among users of strong hallucinogenic drugs: If you feel
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There is a common advice among users of strong hallucinogenic drugs: If you feel
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something discomforting and can't figure out what it is - like you never had
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something discomforting and can't figure out what it is - like you never had
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this experience before? Almost certainly, you just have to pee. "When in doubt,
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this experience before? Almost certainly, you just have to pee. "When in doubt,
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go to the toilet." has so far never let me down, even though the same thing has
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go to the toilet." has so far never let me down, even though the same thing has
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felt very different every time.
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felt very different every time.
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@ -369,30 +373,30 @@ Die Entdeckung der Langsamkeit
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> didn't want to give them an excuse to throw the book across the room. I wanted
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> didn't want to give them an excuse to throw the book across the room. I wanted
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> them to feel a little bit bad about their throwing it across the room, maybe
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> them to feel a little bit bad about their throwing it across the room, maybe
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> go and retrieve it and think well, hang on, yes, this irritated me but maybe I
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> go and retrieve it and think well, hang on, yes, this irritated me but maybe I
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> don't have the right to be irritated.
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> don't have the right to be irritated.
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>
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>
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> -- Daniel Dennett, about [Breaking the Spell]
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> -- Daniel Dennett, about [Breaking the Spell][]
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Although Dennett meant a different book, he still pretty much sums up how I feel
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Although Dennett meant a different book, he still pretty much sums up how I feel
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about "Consciousness Explained". If I actually owned his book, I literally would
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about "Consciousness Explained". If I actually owned his book, I literally would
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have thrown it against the wall. Multiple times, in fact.
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have thrown it against the wall. Multiple times, in fact.
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But the more I came to think about it and analyzed *why* I disagreed so much
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But the more I came to think about it and analyzed *why* I disagreed so much
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with him, the more I realized that I really had very poor reasons to do so. No
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with him, the more I realized that I really had very poor reasons to do so. No
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matter how weak I thought his arguments were, I couldn't just reject them
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matter how weak I thought his arguments were, I couldn't just reject them
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without good arguments of my own, and I found out I didn't have any!
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without good arguments of my own, and I found out I didn't have any!
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To get a better idea of the context Dennett operates in, I needed to first know
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To get a better idea of the context Dennett operates in, I needed to first know
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all current models of consciousness, which lead to a *tremendous* amount of
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all current models of consciousness, which lead to a *tremendous* amount of
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reading. I spent a good 4 months or so going through many books per week, trying
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reading. I spent a good 4 months or so going through many books per week, trying
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to develop a better understanding of the topic, and mostly, to understand my own
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to develop a better understanding of the topic, and mostly, to understand my own
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motivations and beliefs.
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motivations and beliefs.
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No matter how much of his work I might find myself agreeing with in the future,
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No matter how much of his work I might find myself agreeing with in the future,
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I already am glad I stuck with the book. Dennett raised all hell in my brain and
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I already am glad I stuck with the book. Dennett raised all hell in my brain and
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demonstrated to me quite clearly that I have been in heavy rationalization mode
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demonstrated to me quite clearly that I have been in heavy rationalization mode
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for some time now. I will have to deconstruct and tear apart a lot more until I
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for some time now. I will have to deconstruct and tear apart a lot more until I
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reach internal consistency again, so let's go on!
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reach internal consistency again, so let's go on!
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Multiple Drafts and Central Meaning
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Multiple Drafts and Central Meaning
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-----------------------------------
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-----------------------------------
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@ -417,20 +421,20 @@ Turing machine.
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*How can that be?!* It completely surprises me. Such ideas go clearly against my
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*How can that be?!* It completely surprises me. Such ideas go clearly against my
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own experiences, clash with all of my introspections, have been widely and
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own experiences, clash with all of my introspections, have been widely and
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thoroughly taking apart in all the traditions about consciousness *I* seem to
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thoroughly taking apart in all the traditions about consciousness *I* seem to be
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be aware of, like from Buddhism, Christian and Gnostic mysticism, the whole drug
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aware of, like from Buddhism, Christian and Gnostic mysticism, the whole drug
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culture and so on. Really, most of the time the first things a mystic is gonna
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culture and so on. Really, most of the time the first things a mystic is gonna
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tell you is that reality is not fundamental, but can be taken apart, that your
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tell you is that reality is not fundamental, but can be taken apart, that your
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perceptions, emotions and thoughts are independent processes and not *you* and
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perceptions, emotions and thoughts are independent processes and not *you* and
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that the sense of self, the ego, can entirely disappear[^ego]. In fact,
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that the sense of self, the ego, can entirely disappear[^ego]. In fact, the
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the belief in the self is the very first thing on the way to nirvana a Buddhist
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belief in the self is the very first thing on the way to nirvana a Buddhist has
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has to overcome. It can take many forms, but the basic experience of selfless
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to overcome. It can take many forms, but the basic experience of selfless
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existence is one thing really *every* mystic or guru or saint has ever said or
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existence is one thing really *every* mystic or guru or saint has ever said or
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written something about that I just thought it to be common knowledge. How could
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written something about that I just thought it to be common knowledge. How could
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you *not* know this? Did you also not know that the sun rises in the
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you *not* know this? Did you also not know that the sun rises in the
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east?[^meaning]
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east?[^meaning]
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Pandemonium
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Pandaemonium
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------------
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------------
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The crucial part in Dennett's draft, I think, is the chaotic and decentral
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The crucial part in Dennett's draft, I think, is the chaotic and decentral
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@ -438,7 +442,7 @@ nature of it. There isn't "one" mind or "one" meaner that does all the meaning,
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but many small, independent circuits, often only temporary units that realign
|
but many small, independent circuits, often only temporary units that realign
|
||||||
themselves constantly, that cooperate, but also compete with each other for
|
themselves constantly, that cooperate, but also compete with each other for
|
||||||
dominion in the brain. The ultimate results are just the winner of that battle
|
dominion in the brain. The ultimate results are just the winner of that battle
|
||||||
and may shift or even disagree all the time.
|
and may shift or even disagree all the time.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This is an astonishing fact, without which *no* action of the brain can ever be
|
This is an astonishing fact, without which *no* action of the brain can ever be
|
||||||
properly understood. Still, it took Dennett, what?, 250 pages to get there?
|
properly understood. Still, it took Dennett, what?, 250 pages to get there?
|
||||||
|
@ -462,7 +466,7 @@ effectively trying to upgrade a broken system not by fixing it, but by slowly,
|
||||||
tenuously, working around its bugs. The *proper* solution would be to get rid of
|
tenuously, working around its bugs. The *proper* solution would be to get rid of
|
||||||
the system altogether! Destroy their superstitions, make all their assumptions
|
the system altogether! Destroy their superstitions, make all their assumptions
|
||||||
crash and contradict each other, lead them into a state of pure chaos from which
|
crash and contradict each other, lead them into a state of pure chaos from which
|
||||||
nothing old can ever emerge again! Operation Mindfuck!
|
nothing old can ever emerge again! Operation Mindfuck!
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
But we don't do this. Buddhism understood this perfectly. *First* you must make
|
But we don't do this. Buddhism understood this perfectly. *First* you must make
|
||||||
the student enlightened, *then* you can teach them about their mind and
|
the student enlightened, *then* you can teach them about their mind and
|
||||||
|
@ -470,7 +474,7 @@ meta-physics and so on. The Buddha never discussed any teaching with a beginner,
|
||||||
simply because it would be impossible. Only *after* you have a prepared mind can
|
simply because it would be impossible. Only *after* you have a prepared mind can
|
||||||
you understand the problem properly. But nothing of this sort happens in modern
|
you understand the problem properly. But nothing of this sort happens in modern
|
||||||
science. No neuroscientist is required to learn meditation, or take courses on
|
science. No neuroscientist is required to learn meditation, or take courses on
|
||||||
philosophy, or given a spiritual challenge: "You are going to take DMT, and
|
philosophy, or is given a spiritual challenge: "You are going to take DMT, and
|
||||||
until you can properly deal with it, your research will be considered worthless.
|
until you can properly deal with it, your research will be considered worthless.
|
||||||
When you stop screaming and sobbing like a baby and can sit calmly through it,
|
When you stop screaming and sobbing like a baby and can sit calmly through it,
|
||||||
we'll read your paper. Otherwise, you haven't even *seen* the real mind, so what
|
we'll read your paper. Otherwise, you haven't even *seen* the real mind, so what
|
||||||
|
@ -480,27 +484,30 @@ And this shows, again and again. Because of this we get clusterfucks like the
|
||||||
Beyond Belief conference, on which I can really only quote Scott Atran[^atran]:
|
Beyond Belief conference, on which I can really only quote Scott Atran[^atran]:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
> I certainly don't see in this audience the slightest indication that people
|
> I certainly don't see in this audience the slightest indication that people
|
||||||
> here are emotionally, intellectually equipped to deal with the facts of
|
> here are emotionally (or) intellectually equipped to deal with the facts of
|
||||||
> changing human knowledge in the context of unchanging human needs, that
|
> changing human knowledge in the context of unchanging human needs; (needs)
|
||||||
> haven't changed much since the Pleistocene. And I *don't* see that there's any
|
> that haven't changed much since the Pleistocene. And I *don't* see that
|
||||||
> evidence that science is being used to try to understand the people you are
|
> there's any evidence that science is being used to try to understand the
|
||||||
> trying to convince to join you. So, for example, the statements we've heard
|
> people you are trying to convince to join you.
|
||||||
> here about Islam, in this audience, are worse than any comic book statements
|
>
|
||||||
> that I've heard about it and make the classic comic books look like the
|
> So, for example, the statements we've heard here about Islam, in this
|
||||||
> Encyclopedia Britannica. Statements about who the Jihadis are, who a suicide
|
> audience, are worse than any comic book statements that I've heard about it
|
||||||
> bomber is, what a religious experience is; except for one person, you haven't
|
> and make the classic comic books look like the Encyclopedia Britannica.
|
||||||
> the slightest idea, you haven't produced one single fact, you haven't produced
|
> Statements about who the Jihadis are, who a suicide bomber is, what a
|
||||||
> one single bit of knowledge, not a single bit. Every case provided here is an
|
> religious experience is; except for one person, you haven't the slightest
|
||||||
> N of 1, our own intuition, except for Rama[^rama], who had an N of 2 (one
|
> idea, you haven't produced one single fact, you haven't produced one single
|
||||||
> brain patient). Luckily, we had *some* diversity. And from there,
|
> bit of knowledge, not a single bit. Every case provided here is an N of 1, our
|
||||||
> generalizations are made about religion, about what to do about religion,
|
> own intuition, except for Rama[^rama], who had an N of 2 (one brain patient).
|
||||||
> about how science is to engage or not engage religion, about what is rubbish
|
>
|
||||||
> and what is not. It strikes me that if you ever wanted to be serious and you
|
> Luckily, we had *some* diversity. And from there, generalizations are made
|
||||||
> want to engage the public to make it a moral, peaceful and compassionate
|
> about religion, about what to do about religion, about how science is to
|
||||||
> world, you've gotta get real. You've got to get some data. You've got to get
|
> engage or not engage religion, about what is rubbish and what is not. It
|
||||||
> some knowledge. And you can't trust your own intuitions about how the world
|
> strikes me that if you ever wanted to be serious and you want to engage the
|
||||||
> is. Be scientists! There is no indication whatsoever that anything we've heard
|
> public to make it a moral, peaceful and compassionate world, you've gotta get
|
||||||
> shows any evidence of scientific inquiry.
|
> real. You've got to get some data. You've got to get some knowledge. And you
|
||||||
|
> can't trust your own intuitions about how the world is. Be scientists! There
|
||||||
|
> is no indication whatsoever that anything we've heard shows any evidence of
|
||||||
|
> scientific inquiry.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Evasion
|
Evasion
|
||||||
=======
|
=======
|
||||||
|
@ -537,19 +544,19 @@ I'm sure Dennett would answer that this is a meaningless question to ask and
|
||||||
that's exactly what's infuriating me so much about the book. To me, that is a
|
that's exactly what's infuriating me so much about the book. To me, that is a
|
||||||
perfectly obvious and most important question to ask! The problem is essentially
|
perfectly obvious and most important question to ask! The problem is essentially
|
||||||
that Dennett seems to believe that giving a full description is *enough*. It
|
that Dennett seems to believe that giving a full description is *enough*. It
|
||||||
*isn't*. This is most clearly demonstrated, in my opinion, by [Langton's Ant].
|
*isn't*. This is most clearly demonstrated, in my opinion, by [Langton's Ant][].
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Basically, Langton's Ant is a little ant on an infinite 2-dimensional grid.
|
Basically, Langton's Ant is a little ant on an infinite 2-dimensional grid.
|
||||||
Every step, it will look at the color of the field it is on: if it is white, it
|
Every step, it will look at the color of the field it is on: if it is white, it
|
||||||
colors it black and turns left, or if it is black, it colors it white and turns
|
colors it black and turns left, or if it is black, it colors it white and turns
|
||||||
right. Afterwards, it moves one field straight ahead and then repeats itself.
|
right. Afterwards, it moves one field straight ahead and then repeats itself.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
There, I just gave you a *full description* of the universe of Langton's Ant. I
|
There, I just gave you a *full description* of the universe of Langton's Ant. I
|
||||||
left nothing out, all the rules are in there. If you want, you can build your
|
left nothing out, all the rules are in there. If you want, you can build your
|
||||||
own genuine Ant from that, without anything missing. But then you observe the
|
own genuine Ant from that, without anything missing. But then you observe the
|
||||||
ant and the following happens:
|
ant and the following happens:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
![Langton's Ant builds a highway](LangtonsAnt.png)
|
![Langton's Ant builds a highway](/reflections/LangtonsAnt.png)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Once the highway is started, the ant will build nothing else anymore. This
|
Once the highway is started, the ant will build nothing else anymore. This
|
||||||
*seems* to be true for all possible starting grids, and it has been proven that
|
*seems* to be true for all possible starting grids, and it has been proven that
|
||||||
|
@ -629,42 +636,39 @@ points out more the failing of its competition than comes with any strengths of
|
||||||
its own, and so just like Linux, is **highly recommended**. It's what it does to
|
its own, and so just like Linux, is **highly recommended**. It's what it does to
|
||||||
your mind that counts, not what it actually is.
|
your mind that counts, not what it actually is.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^functionalism]:
|
[^functionalism]: This chapter makes it look like I have lost all hope in
|
||||||
This chapter makes it look like I have lost all hope in functionalism, but
|
functionalism, but that's probably a bit to pessimistic just now.
|
||||||
that's probably a bit to pessimistic just now. Functionalism has lead to
|
Functionalism has lead to great discoveries and contains many valuable
|
||||||
great discoveries and contains many valuable insights, particularly for AI
|
insights, particularly for AI research, so I'm still sure that it's a
|
||||||
research, so I'm still sure that it's a worthwhile endeavour for some time
|
worthwhile endeavour for some time to come, but I do have severe doubts that
|
||||||
to come, but I do have severe doubts that it will succeed in the end to
|
it will succeed in the end to explain consciousness. I see no indication so
|
||||||
explain consciousness. I see no indication so far that it is even powerful
|
far that it is even powerful enough to do that, but we'll have to see.
|
||||||
enough to do that, but we'll have to see. There's no reason to abandon
|
There's no reason to abandon something that still produces results.
|
||||||
something that still produces results.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^dmt]:
|
[^dmt]: This is quite close to what many Ayahuasca groups do. Everyone is
|
||||||
This is quite close to what many Ayahuasca groups do. Everyone is required
|
required to drink it at least once a week, and for quite a while, they are
|
||||||
to drink it at least once a week, and for quite a while, they are probably
|
probably going to die and go right through hell again and again, until their
|
||||||
going to die and go right through hell again and again, until their soul has
|
soul has become pure and they can begin to learn. This is a rather harsh
|
||||||
become pure and they can begin to learn. This is a rather harsh treatment,
|
treatment, but it works exceptionally well.
|
||||||
but it works exceptionally well.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^meaning]:
|
[^meaning]: But then, really, it shouldn't have surprised me. This mainstream
|
||||||
But then, really, it shouldn't have surprised me. This mainstream ignorance
|
ignorance was exactly what drove me away from many scientists (but not
|
||||||
was exactly what drove me away from many scientists (but not science) and
|
science) and intellectuals. Many times did I experience how a group of
|
||||||
intellectuals. Many times did I experience how a group of generally smart
|
generally smart people would read a text about or by someone who had a
|
||||||
people would read a text about or by someone who had a mystic experience,
|
mystic experience, and it doesn't matter whether the mystic content is just
|
||||||
and it doesn't matter whether the mystic content is just incidental or the
|
incidental or the only point, and they would completely *miss it*. I didn't
|
||||||
only point, and they would completely *miss it*. I didn't even believe this
|
even believe this for years because it is so obvious to me. They may read
|
||||||
for years because it is so obvious to me. They may read the Gospel of John,
|
the Gospel of John, or talk about the ideas of St. Augustine, or discuss the
|
||||||
or talk about the ideas of St. Augustine, or discuss the purpose of
|
purpose of monasteries, and they either never bring up the mystic content or
|
||||||
monasteries, and they either never bring up the mystic content or dismiss it
|
dismiss it as poetic language. How someone can read the Gospel of John as a
|
||||||
as poetic language. How someone can read the Gospel of John as a *political*
|
*political* text is beyond me. I would just listen, confused, how they'd
|
||||||
text is beyond me. I would just listen, confused, how they'd discuss some of
|
discuss some of Jesus' teaching, say about the kingdom of god for example,
|
||||||
Jesus' teaching, say about the kingdom of god for example, and bring forth
|
and bring forth all kinds of interpretations; that it is a political vision
|
||||||
all kinds of interpretations; that it is a political vision (maybe a new
|
(maybe a new state for the oppressed people, or an early form of communism),
|
||||||
state for the oppressed people, or an early form of communism), or that it
|
or that it is cult rhetoric, or a moral teaching, or a literary metaphor to
|
||||||
is cult rhetoric, or a moral teaching, or a literary metaphor to drive home
|
drive home a certain point in his parables, and so on, all taking seriously
|
||||||
a certain point in his parables, and so on, all taking seriously at least as
|
at least as *possible* interpretations which would now have to be justified
|
||||||
*possible* interpretations which would now have to be justified or
|
or criticised. It never seemed to occur to them at all that Jesus *meant
|
||||||
criticised. It never seemed to occur to them at all that Jesus *meant
|
|
||||||
exactly what he said*, that he was really speaking of the kingdom of god,
|
exactly what he said*, that he was really speaking of the kingdom of god,
|
||||||
something he had experienced himself and was now reporting on, not something
|
something he had experienced himself and was now reporting on, not something
|
||||||
he had invented in any way or wanted to establish, even though he warns
|
he had invented in any way or wanted to establish, even though he warns
|
||||||
|
@ -673,15 +677,14 @@ your mind that counts, not what it actually is.
|
||||||
these things as a given. *Of course* they exist, I had seen the kingdom,
|
these things as a given. *Of course* they exist, I had seen the kingdom,
|
||||||
that's what got me interested in learning more about it in the first place.
|
that's what got me interested in learning more about it in the first place.
|
||||||
Surely you all have, too? Wait, no? You are puzzled what he could have
|
Surely you all have, too? Wait, no? You are puzzled what he could have
|
||||||
possible meant? What?!
|
possible meant? What?!
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Dennett harshly reminds me of this myopia, most profoundly demonstrated by
|
Dennett harshly reminds me of this myopia, most profoundly demonstrated by
|
||||||
philosophers. They have never even seen the terrain, yet they try to draw a
|
philosophers. They have never even seen the terrain, yet they try to draw a
|
||||||
map anyway. No wonder Dennett has to take apart so many ideas I didn't even
|
map anyway. No wonder Dennett has to take apart so many ideas I didn't even
|
||||||
consider worth mentioning. I now feel sympathy for Dennett.
|
consider worth mentioning. I now feel sympathy for Dennett.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^ego]:
|
[^ego]: This is often called "ego death" in hallucinogen culture, but also being
|
||||||
This is often called "ego death" in hallucinogen culture, but also being
|
|
||||||
"born again" in Christian tradition and many other things. It is in my
|
"born again" in Christian tradition and many other things. It is in my
|
||||||
opinion the defining experience behind all mysticism and the first and most
|
opinion the defining experience behind all mysticism and the first and most
|
||||||
important requirement for any spiritual progress. The best indicator is
|
important requirement for any spiritual progress. The best indicator is
|
||||||
|
@ -690,11 +693,8 @@ your mind that counts, not what it actually is.
|
||||||
or much worry in general.
|
or much worry in general.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^md]: Dennett has written another good explanation of the multiple drafts model
|
[^md]: Dennett has written another good explanation of the multiple drafts model
|
||||||
for [Scholarpedia] including some updates and corrections. I'm not going to
|
for [Scholarpedia][Multiple Drafts] including some updates and corrections.
|
||||||
reiterate it here.
|
I'm not going to reiterate it here.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[Scholarpedia]: http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Multiple_drafts_model
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^unity]: Later on, Dennett writes, "To begin with, there is our personal,
|
[^unity]: Later on, Dennett writes, "To begin with, there is our personal,
|
||||||
introspective appreciation of the 'unity of consciousness', which impresses
|
introspective appreciation of the 'unity of consciousness', which impresses
|
||||||
|
@ -703,21 +703,21 @@ your mind that counts, not what it actually is.
|
||||||
and with my eyes open is the same stuff: brain circuitry.". This is shortly
|
and with my eyes open is the same stuff: brain circuitry.". This is shortly
|
||||||
followed up with this exercise for the reader: "If all you know is your own
|
followed up with this exercise for the reader: "If all you know is your own
|
||||||
brain programs operating, the whole universe you experience is inside your
|
brain programs operating, the whole universe you experience is inside your
|
||||||
head. Try to hold onto that model for at least an hour. Note how often you
|
head. Try to hold onto that model for at least an hour. Note how often you
|
||||||
relapse into feeling the universe as *outside* you."
|
relapse into feeling the universe as *outside* you."
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^det]: As a little side note, he did the same thing when arguing that "free
|
[^det]: As a little side note, he did the same thing when arguing that "free
|
||||||
will" still exists in a deterministic world. Our world is not deterministic
|
will" still exists in a deterministic world. Our world is not deterministic
|
||||||
(it is, at best, probabilistic) and his re-definition of free will to
|
(it is, at best, probabilistic) and his re-definition of free will to
|
||||||
something useful in practice because he doesn't want to face reality is very
|
something useful in practice because he doesn't want to face reality is very
|
||||||
weak.
|
weak.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
That's like arguing that, while impossible in principle, I can still measure
|
That's like arguing that, while impossible in principle, I can still measure
|
||||||
the momentum of an atom with enough accuracy I would ever need in practice,
|
the momentum of an atom with enough accuracy I would ever need in practice,
|
||||||
therefore I can ignore all the implications of quantum physics. A weak
|
therefore I can ignore all the implications of quantum physics. A weak
|
||||||
excuse to save his own world view instead of facing the weirdness of
|
excuse to save his own world view instead of facing the weirdness of
|
||||||
reality. Also, [Aaron Swartz](http://www.aaronsw.com/weblog/dennettdumb)
|
reality. Also, [Aaron Swartz][Swartz Dennett] has a nice and simple comment
|
||||||
has a nice and simple comment on that.
|
on that.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Dennett even goes on to state that in a deterministic world, some events may
|
Dennett even goes on to state that in a deterministic world, some events may
|
||||||
actually be _uncaused_, i.e. you can not find a specific cause for them. He
|
actually be _uncaused_, i.e. you can not find a specific cause for them. He
|
||||||
|
@ -768,7 +768,7 @@ your mind that counts, not what it actually is.
|
||||||
down to the subatomic level, of course, where you will find a guaranteed
|
down to the subatomic level, of course, where you will find a guaranteed
|
||||||
proper effect) Or, you go on to create a more abstract framework and
|
proper effect) Or, you go on to create a more abstract framework and
|
||||||
investigate what the cause for a major diplomatic catastrophe of that
|
investigate what the cause for a major diplomatic catastrophe of that
|
||||||
magnitude is, without including any specifics.
|
magnitude is, without including any specifics.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
He confuses deterministic causes and narrative causes. He insists on
|
He confuses deterministic causes and narrative causes. He insists on
|
||||||
defending that we are narratively free - we can convince ourselves that we
|
defending that we are narratively free - we can convince ourselves that we
|
||||||
|
@ -788,18 +788,9 @@ your mind that counts, not what it actually is.
|
||||||
conclusion came first and the arguments only later. Except Christopher
|
conclusion came first and the arguments only later. Except Christopher
|
||||||
Hitchens, though, I don't see anyone of them admit that.
|
Hitchens, though, I don't see anyone of them admit that.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[tripzine]: http://www.tripzine.com/listing.php?smlid=268
|
[^zombie]: I'd have to say that I don't know how I stand on the p-zombie issue.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[Breaking the Spell]: http://www.philosophypress.co.uk/?p=1001
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[speed reading]: /experiments/speedreading.html
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[Langton's Ant]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langton's_ant
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^zombie]:
|
|
||||||
I'd have to say that I don't know how I stand on the p-zombie issue.
|
|
||||||
Or rather, I *am* sure that *most* people are p-zombies. I'm not sure if
|
Or rather, I *am* sure that *most* people are p-zombies. I'm not sure if
|
||||||
*all* are, including me.
|
*all* are, including me.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
In fact, I consider it a real possibility that most people *are* less
|
In fact, I consider it a real possibility that most people *are* less
|
||||||
conscious than mystics are, leading to Dennett actually having less features
|
conscious than mystics are, leading to Dennett actually having less features
|
||||||
|
@ -815,16 +806,16 @@ your mind that counts, not what it actually is.
|
||||||
you, is one? If they are not, why are you hesitating to say that a bat, a
|
you, is one? If they are not, why are you hesitating to say that a bat, a
|
||||||
thermostat and Mickey Mouse are conscious? Absolutely no balls.
|
thermostat and Mickey Mouse are conscious? Absolutely no balls.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^rama]: Vilayanur S. Ramachandran. Very awesome.
|
[^rama]: [Vilayanur S. Ramachandran][]. Very awesome.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^atran]: Unfortunately, I haven't been able to actually read anything by Scott
|
[^atran]: Unfortunately, I haven't been able to actually read anything by Scott
|
||||||
Atran, but he's very high on my todo. His comments were the highlight of
|
Atran, but he's very high on my todo. His comments were the highlight of
|
||||||
both BB 1 and 2.
|
both Beyond Belief 1 and 2.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^vis]:
|
[^vis]: You can even hack your brain here and change what part of it handles
|
||||||
You can even hack your brain here and change what part of it handles what.
|
what. You can shift, through practice (and not very much, really - a few
|
||||||
You can shift, through practice (and not very much, really - a few weeks may
|
weeks may be enough to get very cool results) or drugs, your thoughts from
|
||||||
be enough to get very cool results) or drugs, your thoughts from being _an
|
being _an inner voice_ to _pure text_ to _images_ and so on, and
|
||||||
inner voice_ to _pure text_ to _images_ and so on, and mix-and-match wildly.
|
mix-and-match wildly. I wrote some about that in my experiment on
|
||||||
I wrote some about that in my experiment on [speed reading].
|
[Speed Reading][].
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -1,22 +1,27 @@
|
||||||
% On The Crucifixion
|
---
|
||||||
|
title: On the Crucifixion
|
||||||
|
date: 2011-03-11
|
||||||
|
techne: :rough
|
||||||
|
episteme: :broken
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<div align="center"><object classid="clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000" width="480" height="390" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true" /><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always" /><param name="src" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/PZBqsqvfj0Y?fs=1" /><param name="allowfullscreen" value="true" /><embed type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="480" height="390" src="http://www.youtube.com/v/PZBqsqvfj0Y?fs=1" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true"></embed></object></div>
|
<div align="center"><object classid="clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000" width="480" height="390" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true" /><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always" /><param name="src" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/PZBqsqvfj0Y?fs=1" /><param name="allowfullscreen" value="true" /><embed type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="480" height="390" src="http://www.youtube.com/v/PZBqsqvfj0Y?fs=1" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true"></embed></object></div>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
We know that the crucifixion of Christ is a myth[^1]. We also know that it isn't
|
We know that the crucifixion of Christ is a myth[^1]. We also know that it isn't
|
||||||
unique; there are plenty of life-death-rebirth gods. The theme goes back to at
|
unique; there are plenty of life-death-rebirth gods. The theme goes back to at
|
||||||
least 2,000BCE in its explicit form. But what's the charm? What is its
|
least 2,000BCE in its explicit form. But what's the charm? What is its
|
||||||
attraction?
|
attraction?
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
There are two points that can be made, I believe.
|
There are two points that can be made, I believe.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The first would be a [Jaynesian](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_Jaynes)
|
The first would be a [Jaynesian][Julian Jaynes] argument; that the early
|
||||||
argument; that the early "reborn" gods are hallucinations of former rulers that
|
"reborn" gods are hallucinations of former rulers that continued beyond their
|
||||||
continued beyond their death. The king would give commands, many of which were
|
death. The king would give commands, many of which were in the form of explicit
|
||||||
in the form of explicit voice-hallucinations by his subjects, and as such they
|
voice-hallucinations by his subjects, and as such they tended to hang around a
|
||||||
tended to hang around a while after the king's death. The bodily death of a
|
while after the king's death. The bodily death of a person didn't wipe it out
|
||||||
person didn't wipe it out completely; resurrection becomes obvious. (I'm not
|
completely; resurrection becomes obvious. (I'm not gonna give a detailed account
|
||||||
gonna give a detailed account how this worked, for Jaynes and others have
|
how this worked, for Jaynes and others have already done so.) I find this very
|
||||||
already done so.) I find this very convincing for many cases. [^2]
|
convincing for many cases. [^2]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
In the case of Jesus, however, we have a somewhat different scenario. For one,
|
In the case of Jesus, however, we have a somewhat different scenario. For one,
|
||||||
it plays out much too late. The bicameral mind would've already largely been
|
it plays out much too late. The bicameral mind would've already largely been
|
||||||
|
@ -41,10 +46,9 @@ What stands out in Mark's gospel is the lack of a biography. Jesus appears out
|
||||||
of nowhere, gets baptized, heals a lot of people, appoints his staff and finally
|
of nowhere, gets baptized, heals a lot of people, appoints his staff and finally
|
||||||
is killed. The miracle stories are very non-specific, giving just minimalist
|
is killed. The miracle stories are very non-specific, giving just minimalist
|
||||||
accounts, reminiscent of today's anecdotes about "spiritual healers" (c.f.
|
accounts, reminiscent of today's anecdotes about "spiritual healers" (c.f.
|
||||||
[Sathya Sai Baba](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sathya_Sai_Baba)). The person
|
[Sathya Sai Baba][]). The person described here is just one con-man among many,
|
||||||
described here is just one con-man among many, with some Jewish justification
|
with some Jewish justification thrown in in an obvious attempt to later support
|
||||||
thrown in in an obvious attempt to later support his authority over the Jews,
|
his authority over the Jews, capitalizing on John the Baptist as well.
|
||||||
capitalizing on John the Baptist as well.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
But the tone changes dramatically at the end. Suddenly, Jesus becomes insecure
|
But the tone changes dramatically at the end. Suddenly, Jesus becomes insecure
|
||||||
and actually takes his own practices seriously. Before, you get the impression
|
and actually takes his own practices seriously. Before, you get the impression
|
||||||
|
@ -141,18 +145,17 @@ have seen so far are miracles stories, interpretations of Jewish law and some
|
||||||
organizational issues.
|
organizational issues.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
What we really see happening is a hijacking. Gnostic thinkers, most notably
|
What we really see happening is a hijacking. Gnostic thinkers, most notably
|
||||||
[Marcion](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcion_of_Sinope) and [Simon
|
[Marcion][] and [Simon Magus][] [^10], develop their own theology, based on Jewish
|
||||||
Magus](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Magus)[^10], develop their own
|
mythology, a rejection of Jewish law and many (mostly Greek) mystic techniques.
|
||||||
theology, based on Jewish mythology, a rejection of Jewish law and many (mostly
|
To increase mass appeal, they retrofit it into existing legends and begin a
|
||||||
Greek) mystic techniques. To increase mass appeal, they retrofit it into
|
process of "historization", identifying a spiritual messiah figure with an
|
||||||
existing legends and begin a process of "historization", identifying a spiritual
|
actual person. Over time, the idea of a Jewish faith healer as central figure of
|
||||||
messiah figure with an actual person. Over time, the idea of a Jewish faith
|
a cosmic struggle sticks, people like it and the myth moves. Mark assimilates
|
||||||
healer as central figure of a cosmic struggle sticks, people like it and the
|
anecdotes and myth into a plausible story. Followers like it, but the narrative
|
||||||
myth moves. Mark assimilates anecdotes and myth into a plausible story.
|
is severely lacking. Luke and Matthew rewrite it, introducing many new popular
|
||||||
Followers like it, but the narrative is severely lacking. Luke and Matthew
|
anecdotes, giving Jesus an actual character and adding a proper arc structure.
|
||||||
rewrite it, introducing many new popular anecdotes, giving Jesus an actual
|
Now intellectuals can find something in there, too! That's the way the story
|
||||||
character and adding a proper arc structure. Now intellectuals can find
|
should've happened, you know.
|
||||||
something in there, too! That's the way the story should've happened, you know.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Believing that Jesus must have lived (others say so), and that his teachings
|
Believing that Jesus must have lived (others say so), and that his teachings
|
||||||
must've been profound (his followers swear by it), mystics start substituting
|
must've been profound (his followers swear by it), mystics start substituting
|
||||||
|
@ -307,15 +310,14 @@ But what *is* transformed? Now that is the real strength of the crucifixion.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
You see, it is a placeholder. It can take on the role of any mystic technique.
|
You see, it is a placeholder. It can take on the role of any mystic technique.
|
||||||
It is a universal metaphor. The Gnostic can see Sophia, the Theravadan can see
|
It is a universal metaphor. The Gnostic can see Sophia, the Theravadan can see
|
||||||
the [Arising and Passing
|
the [Arising and Passing Away][], the new convert sees hope. What the
|
||||||
Away](http://www.dharmaoverground.org/web/guest/dharma-wiki/-/wiki/Main/The%20Arising%20and%20Passing%20Away?p_r_p_185834411_title=The%20Arising%20and%20Passing%20Away),
|
crucifixion provides is a usable interpretation for a wide variety of confusing
|
||||||
the new convert sees hope. What the crucifixion provides is a usable
|
experiences. Instead of having to deal with the mind and the world as they
|
||||||
interpretation for a wide variety of confusing experiences. Instead of having to
|
really are, the crucifixion gives security. The difficult part of the ongoing
|
||||||
deal with the mind and the world as they really are, the crucifixion gives
|
transformation has already been done by someone else, the purpose is clear, the
|
||||||
security. The difficult part of the ongoing transformation has already been done
|
goal relatable. Overcoming death, freeing the spirit, getting closer to God -
|
||||||
by someone else, the purpose is clear, the goal relatable. Overcoming death,
|
pick whatever seems most attractive to you. The Christ died for all of these, so
|
||||||
freeing the spirit, getting closer to God - pick whatever seems most attractive
|
have faith.
|
||||||
to you. The Christ died for all of these, so have faith.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The crucifixion is a Rorschach blot of the psyche.
|
The crucifixion is a Rorschach blot of the psyche.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -328,54 +330,47 @@ The crucifixion is a Rorschach blot of the psyche.
|
||||||
>
|
>
|
||||||
> -- Dr. Malcolm Long, Watchmen
|
> -- Dr. Malcolm Long, Watchmen
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
![](rorschach.jpg)
|
![](/religion/rorschach.jpg)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^1]:
|
[^1]: [Robert M. Price][], yada yada, Christ myth proponents not convincing? Do
|
||||||
[Robert M. Price](http://robertmprice.mindvendor.com), yada yada, Christ
|
you also believe in [Oz](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SDhDLOiXp7g)? If
|
||||||
myth proponents not convincing? Do you also believe in
|
not, how about Hercules? If you understand why they are myth, you will
|
||||||
[Oz](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SDhDLOiXp7g)? If not, how about
|
understand why Christ is, too.
|
||||||
Hercules? If you understand why they are myth, you will understand why
|
|
||||||
Christ is, too.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^2]:
|
[^2]: A completely unjustified speculation: the Buddha stands out by being the
|
||||||
A completely unjustified speculation: the Buddha stands out by being the
|
|
||||||
only one that breaks the pattern. He taught within a context that still
|
only one that breaks the pattern. He taught within a context that still
|
||||||
accepted general rebirth, so continuing the theme would be very obvious and
|
accepted general rebirth, so continuing the theme would be very obvious and
|
||||||
in fact, later Buddhists, particularly in the Mahayana tradition, did bring
|
in fact, later Buddhists, particularly in the Mahayana tradition, did bring
|
||||||
it back by making Buddha an ascended god, or by inventing the idea of the
|
it back by making Buddha an ascended god, or by inventing the idea of the
|
||||||
Bodhisattva, a being that intentionally ensures its own rebirth to help
|
Bodhisattva, a being that intentionally ensures its own rebirth to help
|
||||||
others. But in the original story, Buddha was a mortal who distinguished
|
others. But in the original story, Buddha was a mortal who distinguished
|
||||||
himself by *not* being reborn. He successfully extinguishes himself
|
himself by *not* being reborn. He successfully extinguishes himself after
|
||||||
after death and his disciples didn't doubt it. Why is this remarkable? It
|
death and his disciples didn't doubt it. Why is this remarkable? It would've
|
||||||
would've happened during the transition to conscious minds, according to
|
happened during the transition to conscious minds, according to Jaynes'
|
||||||
Jaynes' theory. There would be lots of remnants around, lots of old ideas
|
theory. There would be lots of remnants around, lots of old ideas colored by
|
||||||
colored by bicameral minds. What the Buddha did, maybe, was achieve full
|
bicameral minds. What the Buddha did, maybe, was achieve full subjective
|
||||||
subjective consciousness(, destroy his personal god called the self) and
|
consciousness(, destroy his personal god called the self) and teach it to
|
||||||
teach it to his students, thus killing the dead voices. He wouldn't hang
|
his students, thus killing the dead voices. He wouldn't hang around after
|
||||||
around after death because he changed the minds of his followers, so he was
|
death because he changed the minds of his followers, so he was truly gone -
|
||||||
truly gone - [tathagata](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tath%C4%81gata). Later
|
[Tathagata][]. Later students, already conscious, couldn't understand the
|
||||||
students, already conscious, couldn't understand the remarkableness of this
|
remarkableness of this feat anymore, so they retconned the Samsara story
|
||||||
feat anymore, so they retconned the Samsara story into it, maybe even
|
into it, maybe even actually inverting it. Now the goal of enlightenment is
|
||||||
actually inverting it. Now the goal of enlightenment is to destroy the
|
to destroy the linguistically constructed self and see the world "raw",
|
||||||
linguistically constructed self and see the world "raw", non-subjectively. I
|
non-subjectively. I would strongly suspect that during this retcon, they
|
||||||
would strongly suspect that during this retcon, they invented the figure of
|
invented the figure of the Buddha, moved him closer to their time and
|
||||||
the Buddha, moved him closer to their time and assembled his story out of
|
assembled his story out of ongoing myths. The "real" Buddha, the one that
|
||||||
ongoing myths. The "real" Buddha, the one that brought death to the world,
|
brought death to the world, is almost certainly much older, dating back to
|
||||||
is almost certainly much older, dating back to maybe 1000BCE.
|
maybe 1000BCE.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^3]:
|
[^3]: Mark and Paul, of course, are likely not really Mark and Paul, but rather
|
||||||
Mark and Paul, of course, are likely not really Mark and Paul, but rather
|
|
||||||
anonymous texts attributed to the fictitious characters. Paul, at least, is
|
anonymous texts attributed to the fictitious characters. Paul, at least, is
|
||||||
most likely based on a real person, in the same way that Jetpack Hitler
|
most likely based on a real person, in the same way that Jetpack Hitler is.
|
||||||
is.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^4]:
|
[^4]: Always using the NET bible, as on [bible.org][].
|
||||||
Always using the NET bible, as on [bible.org](http://bible.org/netbible/index.htm).
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^5]:
|
[^5]: I find it fascinating that there is explicit mention of how fast Jesus
|
||||||
I find it fascinating that there is explicit mention of how fast Jesus died.
|
died. Also, his followers took his body right away. This gives some credence
|
||||||
Also, his followers took his body right away. This gives some credence to
|
to the idea that his death was faked. However, Jesus does not return in any
|
||||||
the idea that his death was faked. However, Jesus does not return in any
|
|
||||||
way. He might've successfully gone into hiding (or to India, as some
|
way. He might've successfully gone into hiding (or to India, as some
|
||||||
traditions have it), but that seems a bit too speculative to me. I don't
|
traditions have it), but that seems a bit too speculative to me. I don't
|
||||||
really see how you could fake a crucifixion, or why you would draw attention
|
really see how you could fake a crucifixion, or why you would draw attention
|
||||||
|
@ -383,90 +378,81 @@ The crucifixion is a Rorschach blot of the psyche.
|
||||||
about the preparations or the sudden death. It would look much more like
|
about the preparations or the sudden death. It would look much more like
|
||||||
Luke.
|
Luke.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^6]:
|
[^6]: If you find my dismissal of Mark too harsh, try reading it yourself, but
|
||||||
If you find my dismissal of Mark too harsh, try reading it yourself, but as
|
as if it were new. Imagine we met at a friend's house and I introduce you to
|
||||||
if it were new. Imagine we met at a friend's house and I introduce you to
|
|
||||||
some text I wrote. It's all true, I inform you. It's about my former
|
some text I wrote. It's all true, I inform you. It's about my former
|
||||||
Japanese teacher, Takashi, but I wrote it in English for you, translating as
|
Japanese teacher, Takashi, but I wrote it in English for you, translating as
|
||||||
necessary. Try reading Mark that way, substituting Takashi for Jesus, Osaka
|
necessary. Try reading Mark that way, substituting Takashi for Jesus, Osaka
|
||||||
for Galilee, Suzuki the Monk for John the Baptist and so on. What would you
|
for Galilee, Suzuki the Monk for John the Baptist and so on. What would you
|
||||||
think about this Takashi? What is his message? Could you even decipher any?
|
think about this Takashi? What is his message? Could you even decipher any?
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^7]:
|
[^7]: There is the idea that the New Testament is a (partial) parody. Some parts
|
||||||
There is the idea that the New Testament is a (partial) parody. Some parts
|
|
||||||
of it might be, especially in Acts, but I don't buy it for Mark. It follows
|
of it might be, especially in Acts, but I don't buy it for Mark. It follows
|
||||||
well-known woo-woo con-men structures, has obvious editing mistakes and no
|
well-known woo-woo con-men structures, has obvious editing mistakes and no
|
||||||
underlying plot. The text is partially manipulative, partially sincere, as
|
underlying plot. The text is partially manipulative, partially sincere, as
|
||||||
is typical for the genre. Compare with reports about Sai Baba or Osho, for
|
is typical for the genre. Compare with reports about Sai Baba or Osho, for
|
||||||
example.
|
example.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^8]:
|
[^8]: I'm eagerly awaiting Price' upcoming book, "The Amazing Colossal Apostle".
|
||||||
I'm eagerly awaiting Price' upcoming book, "The Amazing Colossal Apostle".
|
|
||||||
I'm certainly seeing the merit of rejecting all Pauline letters as authentic
|
I'm certainly seeing the merit of rejecting all Pauline letters as authentic
|
||||||
already, but I'm not fully convinced yet. Also, I didn't want to make my
|
already, but I'm not fully convinced yet. Also, I didn't want to make my
|
||||||
analysis contingent on it.
|
analysis contingent on it.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^9]:
|
[^9]: I'd love to know what exact practices Paul is talking about. I suspect
|
||||||
I'd love to know what exact practices Paul is talking about. I suspect
|
|
||||||
something akin to what modern Pentecostals are doing.
|
something akin to what modern Pentecostals are doing.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^10]:
|
[^10]: Robert Price identifies Simon Magus as Paul. I haven't looked much into
|
||||||
Robert Price identifies Simon Magus as Paul. I haven't looked much into the
|
the evidence for this yet, but it seems plausible to me.
|
||||||
evidence for this yet, but it seems plausible to me.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^11]:
|
[^11]: Funny thing is, about a millennium later, the same thing happened to
|
||||||
Funny thing is, about a millennium later, the same thing happened to
|
|
||||||
Christianity, too! The Reformation is nothing but an attempt to rationalize
|
Christianity, too! The Reformation is nothing but an attempt to rationalize
|
||||||
Catholic dogma. This process continues to this very day, producing Christian
|
Catholic dogma. This process continues to this very day, producing Christian
|
||||||
Atheism and Universalism (see Mencius Moldbug's glorious 5-part series [How
|
Atheism and Universalism (see Mencius Moldbug's glorious 5-part series
|
||||||
Dawkins got
|
[How Dawkins got pwned][] (link to part 5, which links to previous parts)).
|
||||||
pwned](http://unqualified-reservations.blogspot.com/2007/10/how-dawkins-got-pwned-part-5.html)
|
Or, as Jaynes said it:
|
||||||
(link to part 5, which links to previous parts)). Or, as Jaynes said it:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
> What happens in this modern dissolution of ecclesiastical authorization
|
> What happens in this modern dissolution of ecclesiastical authorization
|
||||||
> reminds us a little of what happened long ago after the breakdown of the
|
> reminds us a little of what happened long ago after the breakdown of the
|
||||||
> bicameral mind itself. Everywhere in the contemporary world there are
|
> bicameral mind itself. Everywhere in the contemporary world there are
|
||||||
> substitutes, other methods of authorization. Some are revivals of
|
> substitutes, other methods of authorization. Some are revivals of ancient
|
||||||
> ancient ones: the popularity of possession religions in South America,
|
> ones: the popularity of possession religions in South America, where the
|
||||||
> where the church had once been so strong; extreme religious absolutism
|
> church had once been so strong; extreme religious absolutism ego-based on
|
||||||
> ego-based on "the Spirit", which is really the ascension of Paul over
|
> "the Spirit", which is really the ascension of Paul over Jesus; an
|
||||||
> Jesus; an alarming rise in the serious acceptance of astrology, that
|
> alarming rise in the serious acceptance of astrology, that direct heritage
|
||||||
> direct heritage from the period of the breakdown of the bicameral mind in
|
> from the period of the breakdown of the bicameral mind in the Near East;
|
||||||
> the Near East; or the more minor divination of the *I Ching*, also a
|
> or the more minor divination of the *I Ching*, also a direct heritage from
|
||||||
> direct heritage from the period just after the breakdown in China. There
|
> the period just after the breakdown in China. There are also the huge
|
||||||
> are also the huge commercial and sometimes psychological successes of
|
> commercial and sometimes psychological successes of various meditation
|
||||||
> various meditation procedures, sensitivity training groups, mind control,
|
> procedures, sensitivity training groups, mind control, and group encounter
|
||||||
> and group encounter practices. Other persuasions often seem like
|
> practices. Other persuasions often seem like escapes from a new boredom of
|
||||||
> escapes from a new boredom of unbelief, but are also characterized by this
|
> unbelief, but are also characterized by this search for authorization:
|
||||||
> search for authorization: faiths in various pseudosciences, as in
|
> faiths in various pseudosciences, as in scientology, or in unidentified
|
||||||
> scientology, or in unidentified flying objects bringing authority from
|
> flying objects bringing authority from other parts of our universe, or
|
||||||
> other parts of our universe, or that gods were at one time actually such
|
> that gods were at one time actually such visitors; or the stubborn muddled
|
||||||
> visitors; or the stubborn muddled fascination with extrasensory
|
> fascination with extrasensory perception as a supposed demonstration of a
|
||||||
> perception as a supposed demonstration of a spiritual surround of our
|
> spiritual surround of our lives whence some authorization might come; or
|
||||||
> lives whence some authorization might come; or the use of psychotropic
|
> the use of psychotropic drugs as ways of contacting profounder realities,
|
||||||
> drugs as ways of contacting profounder realities, as they were for most
|
> as they were for most of the American native Indian civilizations in the
|
||||||
> of the American native Indian civilizations in the breakdown of their
|
> breakdown of their bicameral mind. Just as we saw in
|
||||||
> bicameral mind. Just as we saw in [previous parts of the book] that the
|
> [previous parts of the book] that the collapse of the institutionalized
|
||||||
> collapse of the institutionalized oracles resulted in smaller cults of
|
> oracles resulted in smaller cults of induced possession, so the waning of
|
||||||
> induced possession, so the waning of institutional religions is resulting
|
> institutional religions is resulting in these smaller, more private
|
||||||
> in these smaller, more private religions of every description. And this
|
> religions of every description. And this historical process can be
|
||||||
> historical process can be expected to increase the rest of this century.
|
> expected to increase the rest of this century.
|
||||||
>
|
>
|
||||||
> [...]
|
> [...]
|
||||||
>
|
>
|
||||||
> Science then, for all its pomp of factness, is not unlike some of the
|
> Science then, for all its pomp of factness, is not unlike some of the more
|
||||||
> more easily disparaged outbreaks of pseudoreligions. In this period of
|
> easily disparaged outbreaks of pseudoreligions. In this period of
|
||||||
> transition from its religious basis, science often shares with the
|
> transition from its religious basis, science often shares with the
|
||||||
> celestial maps of astrology, or a hundred other irrationalisms, the same
|
> celestial maps of astrology, or a hundred other irrationalisms, the same
|
||||||
> nostalgia for the Final Answer, the One Truth, the Single Cause. In the
|
> nostalgia for the Final Answer, the One Truth, the Single Cause. In the
|
||||||
> frustrations and sweat of laboratories, it feels the same temptations to
|
> frustrations and sweat of laboratories, it feels the same temptations to
|
||||||
> swarm into sects, even as did the Khabiru refugees, and set out here and
|
> swarm into sects, even as did the Khabiru refugees, and set out here and
|
||||||
> there through the dry Sinais of parched fact for some rich and brave
|
> there through the dry Sinais of parched fact for some rich and brave
|
||||||
> significance flowing with truth and exaltation. And all of this, my
|
> significance flowing with truth and exaltation. And all of this, my
|
||||||
> metaphor and all, is a part of this transitional period after the
|
> metaphor and all, is a part of this transitional period after the
|
||||||
> breakdown of the bicameral mind.
|
> breakdown of the bicameral mind.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^12]:
|
[^12]: Also note that John is trying to provide plausible reasons why Jesus was
|
||||||
Also note that John is trying to provide plausible reasons why Jesus was
|
taken from the cross so early. Did somebody get accused of fakery, I wonder?
|
||||||
taken from the cross so early. Did somebody get accused of fakery, I
|
|
||||||
wonder?
|
|
6
content/religion/index.mkd
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6
content/religion/index.mkd
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|
@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
title: Religion
|
||||||
|
is_category: true
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<%= category :religion %>
|
Before Width: | Height: | Size: 188 KiB After Width: | Height: | Size: 188 KiB |
|
@ -9,7 +9,9 @@ body {
|
||||||
}
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
div.main {
|
div.main {
|
||||||
margin: 3.5em auto auto;
|
margin-bottom: 3.5em;
|
||||||
|
margin-left: auto;
|
||||||
|
margin-right: auto;
|
||||||
max-width: 40em;
|
max-width: 40em;
|
||||||
padding: 0;
|
padding: 0;
|
||||||
}
|
}
|
||||||
|
@ -21,7 +23,7 @@ div.crumb {
|
||||||
line-height: 2em;
|
line-height: 2em;
|
||||||
position: fixed;
|
position: fixed;
|
||||||
text-align: center;
|
text-align: center;
|
||||||
top: 0;
|
bottom: 0;
|
||||||
width: 100%;
|
width: 100%;
|
||||||
}
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -1,416 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
% Letting Go of Music
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Motivation
|
|
||||||
==========
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
It feels very unusual and strange, after thinking critically about the
|
|
||||||
arguments, assessing the evidence and forming a rational conclusion, to arrive
|
|
||||||
at a position that nowadays only two groups share: Christian puritans and the
|
|
||||||
Taliban. It makes me very uncomfortable, but I let's give the argument a good
|
|
||||||
shot anyway.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
What conclusion am I talking about? *Music is a parasite*, or in practical
|
|
||||||
terms, *Music exploits you*. This is a radical statement, so initial skepticism
|
|
||||||
is very much understandable. If it comforts you, let me get one thing out of the
|
|
||||||
way: I do not object to music out of "spiritual" or "religious" reasons, which,
|
|
||||||
unfortunately, seems to be the most common case. Most likely, music does not
|
|
||||||
"corrupt your character" or "lead you away from God" or any such nonsense. It is
|
|
||||||
also not really an argument for asceticism. No, my main argument comes from
|
|
||||||
memetic theory and a cost/benefit analysis. It is, in principle, a very similar
|
|
||||||
argument broad forward by atheists against religion. The Four Horsemen of
|
|
||||||
Atheism (Richard Dawkins, Daniel Dennett, Sam Harris and Christopher Hitchens,
|
|
||||||
all truly awesome) have argued very much alike, but against religion. I will
|
|
||||||
try to show that their reasoning extends to more fields, one of which is music.
|
|
||||||
This is not meant to falsify or parody their position (I in fact agree with it,
|
|
||||||
at least partially), but to explore the real ramifications.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Being sensible never got anyone anywhere. I don't believe much in carefully
|
|
||||||
adjusting. Jumping right into a big unknown and then compromising always seemed
|
|
||||||
so much more natural to me. If things work out, you are a genius for getting it
|
|
||||||
right from the start. If they don't, you can always just deny everything.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Before I get going, let's clarify 3 things. Firstly, I will build on memetic
|
|
||||||
theory, so you will probably need to know what it's about to understand some of
|
|
||||||
my reasoning. You may want to read "The Meme Machine" by Susan Blackmore or some
|
|
||||||
of Daniel Dennett's recent books, like "Darwin's Dangerous Idea", or at least
|
|
||||||
google it. The arguments aren't really very technical, but if you aren't
|
|
||||||
familiar with basic evolution or what a meme is, then my points may seem alien
|
|
||||||
to you. To understand the perspective of replicators, it will also help greatly
|
|
||||||
to read "The Selfish Gene" by Richard Dawkins.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Secondly, let's establish a few terms. I will refer to "not having music" as
|
|
||||||
amusicality, analog to "not believing in god(s)" being atheism. This is totally
|
|
||||||
different from being tone-deaf, disliking music or the like. To be honest, I'm a
|
|
||||||
great fan of music, so this is also not a "disgruntled outsider" kind of
|
|
||||||
argument. Furthermore, I take it as a given that music is a highly advanced
|
|
||||||
memeplex (i.e. group of memes that support each other), in the same way as
|
|
||||||
religion or language, and as such is a replicator and subject to evolution, but
|
|
||||||
independent of genes.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
And lastly, why I will bring no argument for amusicality. It might seem odd that
|
|
||||||
I only attack arguments for music, but have no strong argument of my own why
|
|
||||||
"not having music" is too be favored. This follows the same logic of atheism:
|
|
||||||
the one's making the claim are the one's in need of evidence and arguments. The
|
|
||||||
Null Hypothesis (i.e. "there is no correlation between A and B" or "A doesn't
|
|
||||||
exist" or similar) is the default position of science. We start off with an
|
|
||||||
empty set of assumptions and every one we want to add has to be substantiated.
|
|
||||||
To successfully defend the skeptic position, I only have to dismantle all the
|
|
||||||
evidence proponents show, not actively prove the impossibility of the claim.
|
|
||||||
Atheists are used to it in terms of religion: You only show there is no reason
|
|
||||||
to believe in god(s), you don't need to show there is any evidence against
|
|
||||||
god(s). This is logically evident, as disproving such claims is often impossible
|
|
||||||
or simply impractical.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
However, my position isn't exactly that bleak. I actually *can*> make one simple
|
|
||||||
argument for "not having music": it eats up your time. Replace any time you
|
|
||||||
spend listening to music with something actually beneficial and you are in a
|
|
||||||
better position. But even if music were "free" (as in, would use up no
|
|
||||||
resources), my position might still be the rational one.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
To be honest, the argument against music isn't entirely unmotivated. (It never
|
|
||||||
is.) I became so udderly obsessed with music that I just got sick of it all.
|
|
||||||
Comparing codecs, hardware, different players, optimizations, genres, recording
|
|
||||||
techniques, musical structure, correct labeling and all this crap, I just got
|
|
||||||
tired of it; and when I asked myself why I was doing all this in the first
|
|
||||||
place, what music gave me in return... I got nothing. Nothing worth the effort,
|
|
||||||
anyway. So it's probably fair to say that I wasn't exactly unbiased.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
So let's go and see all the arguments in favor of music. To be clear, it is rare
|
|
||||||
for anyone to defend *all* of them. But they are, as far as I know, all
|
|
||||||
proposed seriously and the list is complete. Here we go:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The Argument from History
|
|
||||||
-------------------------
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
> Humans have been playing music for, at least, thousands of years and
|
|
||||||
> probably millions of years. It is completely natural for us to do so. Evolution
|
|
||||||
> has shaped our brain to encourage this.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This is true, but a fallacy: what *is* can never inform us what *ought* to be.
|
|
||||||
Evolution has also made men good at killing and raping, for example. (And also
|
|
||||||
enabled us to use language and science, of course.) What has happened in the
|
|
||||||
past can inform us, but can not be our sole guide. You must provide actual,
|
|
||||||
current benefits.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The Argument from Social Integrity
|
|
||||||
----------------------------------
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
> Human society is, among other things, united by music. People engage in
|
|
||||||
> collective music, like festivals, camp fires or choirs. They define their own
|
|
||||||
> identity through it ("Are you a metalhead, too?"). It is one reason why human
|
|
||||||
> society is so stable and productive. Do you want to advocate chaos and
|
|
||||||
> anarchy?
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This is probably the strongest general argument in favor of music. It is true
|
|
||||||
that music is a very important social "glue" and it might very well be true that
|
|
||||||
society as we know it would not function without it. But the same thing can be
|
|
||||||
said of religion. There is not a single historical case of a society that got
|
|
||||||
from family-sized tribes to city-states without major help from religion. That,
|
|
||||||
however, doesn't make any religion particularly true. And even if this were true
|
|
||||||
in the past, it doesn't have to be true for the future.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I'll have to admit that I can not completely disprove this argument. I would not
|
|
||||||
advice on any changes to society, like outlawing music, even though I'd love to
|
|
||||||
do a proper experiment. But I can point some things out.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
First, there *are* societies without music. The most famous one are the Taliban,
|
|
||||||
who are thriving and have a stable history. They certainly are a competitive and
|
|
||||||
strong society. Also, the deaf community is active and very tight-knit. The
|
|
||||||
claim is probably overstated, but might have some justification.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Second, I do understand the danger of trying to experiment on this. What if the
|
|
||||||
argument is right and we accidentally do harm civilization? Is it really worth
|
|
||||||
the risk? (I'd like to think so, but I'm also willing to put up with a far
|
|
||||||
greater risk than most people.)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The Argument from Pleasure
|
|
||||||
--------------------------
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
> Humans take great joy from music. It invokes many emotions, from happiness to
|
|
||||||
> anger to sadness. It gives their life meaning, but also just passes boredom.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This one is easy to argue against, but hard to understand. You do not enjoy
|
|
||||||
music because of benefits, but because music is shaped (and has shaped you) to
|
|
||||||
be enjoyable. It (ab)uses your reward system, your fear response, anger response
|
|
||||||
and so on, to pass itself on. It is self-perpetuating, making you feel good so
|
|
||||||
you listen to it so you feel good so you listen to it... Memetic evolution
|
|
||||||
predicts this: brains that are "bored" without music will propagate it more, so
|
|
||||||
any successful music will incorporate selection for this property. This is
|
|
||||||
obvious to any outsider, as it is with any drug, but not for the afflicted.
|
|
||||||
Observe anyone under the effect of a drug, during a panic attack and so on,
|
|
||||||
while you yourself are neutral, unaffected. They will be blind to it; their
|
|
||||||
brain pays no attention to this fact.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Arguing that pleasure in itself is a good thing, is tautological at best and
|
|
||||||
addictive behaviour at worst. If you propose this, then you are in a really bad
|
|
||||||
position. It is very hard to make a good case for pleasure without also argueing
|
|
||||||
for direct stimulation of your reward center. You see, Electrodes can be
|
|
||||||
inserted, a little switch can be attached and you can sit there all day, feeling
|
|
||||||
great! But even most hedonists do not want to defend this.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The Argument from Morals
|
|
||||||
------------------------
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
> Music can influence our moral behaviour. Playing wholesome and delightful
|
|
||||||
> music to children will shape their character for the better!
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This is a bold statement, especially because it has no evidence whatsoever.
|
|
||||||
There is no psychological study supporting this, no disproportionately large
|
|
||||||
chunk of deaf people in jail, no connection between crime rate and music
|
|
||||||
education. If there is any link, it is minuscule.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
There is, however, a strong connection between indoctrination and music. Almost
|
|
||||||
every cult, religion or otherwise strong ideology will use music for its
|
|
||||||
purposes. Music's strong potential to move people's emotion can easily be
|
|
||||||
exploited to instill fake unity, bliss or aggression. I would not go so far to
|
|
||||||
disqualify music for this reason, but reject any moral claims as at least
|
|
||||||
neutral. If it has positive effects, it might as well have negative ones. You
|
|
||||||
can not advocate only the one part you profit from.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This argument is sometimes used negatively, e.g. "Modern music corrupts our
|
|
||||||
children!". If you believe it, you must accept this conclusion as well. Music
|
|
||||||
censorship, at least partially, would be the only responsible thing to do.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The Argument from Profits
|
|
||||||
-------------------------
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
> Billions of dollars are involved. Music is a very profitable
|
|
||||||
> industry.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
So is heroin. I don't feel I have to say more about this; it is such an empty
|
|
||||||
argument.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The Argument from Benign Symbiosis
|
|
||||||
----------------------------------
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
> Music is useful to us. It enhances our ability to recognize patterns. It
|
|
||||||
> supports the learning of languages. It improves our ability to adopt other
|
|
||||||
> memes. It has been documented that children that learnt an instrument perform
|
|
||||||
> better in school. Music can help to treat mental illnesses.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
There exists barely any valid research for any of those claims. The strongest is
|
|
||||||
probably the learning of languages. Basically, this uses musics strong
|
|
||||||
reproductive capabilities by hijacking it. You take language memes, like a poem,
|
|
||||||
or just some words, and apply them as text to some music, thereby making them
|
|
||||||
"stick" a lot better. This seems to work, as far as we can tell. There is, of
|
|
||||||
course, no conclusive evidence. (This is mostly because of the failure of
|
|
||||||
language education and linguistics, and unrelated to music, in my opnion.)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
But is this worth its price? Are you able to contain it? Recall that you are
|
|
||||||
using music exactly because it is so fertile. It seems like the opposite of a
|
|
||||||
safe operation to me. Also, is it really effective? Instead of using music to
|
|
||||||
get small benefits in school or elsewhere, read books. Learn critical thinking.
|
|
||||||
Solve puzzles. Address the problem directly, instead of trying to do it through
|
|
||||||
some remote synergy with a symbiont.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
However, it can be argued that music was a major driving force behind the
|
|
||||||
development of our big brains. We needed more and more capable meme machines to
|
|
||||||
spread music more reliably, so we were selected for it. We profit from this
|
|
||||||
because the human brain is largely a universal machine, not specialized for any
|
|
||||||
particular meme and so all kinds of useful memes spread better as well. Everyone
|
|
||||||
wants a better memetic "soil", if you want. But if this is true (I suspect it
|
|
||||||
is), then there is a fiendish little twist to it: We can exploit the parasite
|
|
||||||
now! Sure, music used us for its own purposes, endowing us with bigger brains to
|
|
||||||
get a better chance itself, but now that we have those brains, we don't need to
|
|
||||||
have any affiliation to music anymore! What do we care if music survives? Let's
|
|
||||||
use those brains for something *good*! So long, and thanks for all the
|
|
||||||
neurons!
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The medical use of music might be justified. Psychotherapy is in a terrible
|
|
||||||
state right now, but the existing studies seem to support effectiveness of music
|
|
||||||
in some cases. While I personally would prefer other methods, I would
|
|
||||||
nonetheless agree that a reasonable case can be made for music *in the hands
|
|
||||||
of a professional*. And this is the crux: we are talking about serious
|
|
||||||
illnesses and therapy, certainly not recreational use.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Finally, I feel that this argument is very dishonest. It is really a
|
|
||||||
rationalisation. No one sits down, thinks "Hey, singing those songs would get me
|
|
||||||
better test scores in 10 years!" and then does so. You listen to music because
|
|
||||||
you like it. Later on come the "reasons" and "beliefs" on why it really is good
|
|
||||||
for you. If I showed studies disproving all such claim, would it change the
|
|
||||||
argument? Most likely not. You would still listen to music, those scientists be
|
|
||||||
damned. They are probably frauds anyway!
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Argument from Spirituality
|
|
||||||
--------------------------
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
> Entweder durch den Einfluss des narkotischen Getränkes, von dem alle
|
|
||||||
> ursprünglichen Menschen und Völker in Hymnen sprechen, oder bei dem
|
|
||||||
> gewaltigen, die ganze Natur lustvoll durchdringenden Nahen des Frühlings
|
|
||||||
> erwachen jene dionysischen Regungen, in deren Steigerung das Subjektive zu
|
|
||||||
> völliger Selbstvergessenheit hinschwindet. Auch im deutschen Mittelalter
|
|
||||||
> wälzten sich unter der gleichen dionysischen Gewalt immer wachsende Schaaren,
|
|
||||||
> singend und tanzend, von Ort zu Ort (...). Es gibt Menschen, die, aus Mangel
|
|
||||||
> an Erfahrung oder aus Stumpfsinn, sich von solchen Erscheinungen wie von
|
|
||||||
> "Volkskrankheiten", spöttisch oder bedauernd im Gefühl der eigenen Gesundheit
|
|
||||||
> abwenden: die Armen ahnen freilich nicht, wie leichenfarbig und gespenstisch
|
|
||||||
> eben diese ihre "Gesundheit" sich ausnimmt, wenn an ihnen das glühende Leben
|
|
||||||
> dionysischer Schwärmer vorüberbraust.
|
|
||||||
>
|
|
||||||
> -- Friedrich Nietzsche, Geburt der Tragödie [^trans]
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^trans]: Translation:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
> Even under the influence of the narcotic draught, of which songs of all
|
|
||||||
> primitive men and peoples speak, or with the potent coming of spring that
|
|
||||||
> penetrates all nature with joy, these Dionysian emotions awake, and as
|
|
||||||
> they grow in intensity everything subjective vanishes into complete
|
|
||||||
> self-forgetfulness. In the German Middle Ages, too, singing and dancing
|
|
||||||
> crowds, ever increasing in number, whirled themselves from place to place
|
|
||||||
> under this same Dionysian impulse. (...) There are some who, from
|
|
||||||
> obtuseness or lack of experience, turn away from such phenomena as from
|
|
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> "folk-diseases," with contempt or pity born of consciousness of their own
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> "healthy-mindedness." But of course such poor wretches have no idea how
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> corpselike and ghostly their so-called "healthy-mindedness" looks when the
|
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> glowing life of the Dionysian revelers roars past them.
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This is in my opinion the strongest and at the same time rarest argument. It
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||||||
surprised me a bit that so many people seem to listen to music for any *other*
|
|
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reason than this.[^after] But then, mystics have always been in the minority, so
|
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||||||
there.
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||||||
|
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||||||
The use of music for spiritual purposes extends to virtually all mystic
|
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practices, be they shamanistic rituals, prayer, meditation or the more modern
|
|
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drug-based practices, as exemplified by Leary or Crowley.
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||||||
|
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[^after]: This is a bit after-the-fact rationalisation, though. Like most
|
|
||||||
people, I started listening to music not voluntarily, but was exposed to it and
|
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||||||
simply liked it. Only much later did I discover its great potential and changed
|
|
||||||
my usage.
|
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||||||
|
|
||||||
In fact, I suspect there is a strong correlation with "being spiritual" and
|
|
||||||
"liking music". The link may be the ease with which memes can enter your brain -
|
|
||||||
your memetic immune system, if you want. This holds true for me (I was a gnostic
|
|
||||||
theist for a long time, having personally talked to several gods and all. It was
|
|
||||||
a hard struggle towards logic and reason for me.) and many people I know.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Also, there is a strong connection to the amygdala and temporal lobes. I don't
|
|
||||||
want to reiterate the point here and will just point to the awesome talks on
|
|
||||||
neurotheology by Todd Murphy, specifically [Using Neuroscience for Spiritual
|
|
||||||
Practice] and [Enlightenment, Self and the Brain]. There is some great research
|
|
||||||
popping up in recent years for sure.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[Using Neuroscience for Spiritual Practice]:
|
|
||||||
http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=1030598948823323439
|
|
||||||
[Enlightenment, Self and the Brain]:
|
|
||||||
http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=5474604744218568426
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Honestly, I don't know how to retain my contrarian attitude here, seeing that I
|
|
||||||
agree with the argument. You may try to attack spirituality (in the sense of
|
|
||||||
mystic experiences, not believe in woo) as bad in itself, but this is very rare
|
|
||||||
even among hardcore atheists and materialists.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The argument that mystic experiences will lead to pseudoscience or superstitions
|
|
||||||
is easily disproved; just have a look at how many both scientists and mystics
|
|
||||||
are still clearly rational. Good examples may range from Michael Persinger on
|
|
||||||
the science side, to Sam Harris somewhere in the middle, and the Dalai Lama on
|
|
||||||
the religious side. Sure, like any counter-intuitive and large open question,
|
|
||||||
spirituality lends itself to false believes, but that's a general human problem,
|
|
||||||
not something specific to the topic. The answer are good rational practices, not
|
|
||||||
abandoning music.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Conclusion
|
|
||||||
==========
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
In the end, one thing stands out: many attitudes towards music, and their
|
|
||||||
rationalisation, are indistinguishable from memetic addiction. People are being
|
|
||||||
exploited by music. It has shaped our brain for its reproductive advantages.
|
|
||||||
Sure, we may have won the game of natural selection sometimes, but this is of
|
|
||||||
little concern to music. The memeplex has all characteristics of a virus. It
|
|
||||||
eats up as much of individual resources as it can without disabling its host.
|
|
||||||
We are constantly encouraged to listen to more music, get more music, recommend
|
|
||||||
it to our friends and so on. It spreads for the sake of spreading. Good music is
|
|
||||||
judged not by its inherent benefits to individuals or the species, but by how
|
|
||||||
popular it is, that is, how good it is at spreading. Being an ear worm is a
|
|
||||||
*good* thing for music to be. If someone states they doesn't listen much to
|
|
||||||
music, then the most common response is one of disbelief, utterances of "How
|
|
||||||
empty and meaningless my life would be without music!", of "What is wrong with
|
|
||||||
you? Are you depressed?", followed by hundreds of recommendations because "There
|
|
||||||
has to be some music out there that you like! Just listen more to it!".
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
It sure looks like the behaviour of addicts. If you are not devoted to music, at
|
|
||||||
least a bit, you must try harder! These are memes that ruthlessly exploit their
|
|
||||||
hosts. Natural selection has shaped them to be highly resistant, persuasive and
|
|
||||||
addictive. All of music theory and education is only occupied with how to make
|
|
||||||
more popular music, how to spread it better, how to increase its impact. It
|
|
||||||
conveys no message (or only an empty shell of one), it teaches nothing, it gives
|
|
||||||
you nothing except pleasure. It circumvents the purpose of a reward system by
|
|
||||||
directly stimulating it without giving something in return. It is a parasite.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
But what now?
|
|
||||||
> I thought, "Okay, calm down. Let's just try on the not-believing-in-God
|
|
||||||
> glasses for a moment, just for a second. Just put on the no-God glasses and
|
|
||||||
> take a quick look around and then immediately throw them off". So I put them
|
|
||||||
> on and I looked around.
|
|
||||||
>
|
|
||||||
> I'm embarrassed to report that I initially felt dizzy. I actually had the
|
|
||||||
> thought, "Well, how does the Earth stay up in the sky? You mean we're just
|
|
||||||
> hurtling through space? That's so vulnerable!" I wanted to run out and catch
|
|
||||||
> the Earth as it fell out of space into my hands...
|
|
||||||
>
|
|
||||||
> I wandered around in a daze thinking, “No one is minding the store!” And I
|
|
||||||
> wondered how traffic worked, like how we weren't just in chaos all the time.
|
|
||||||
> And slowly, I began to see the world completely differently. I had to rethink
|
|
||||||
> what I thought about everything. It's like I had to go change the wallpaper of
|
|
||||||
> my mind.
|
|
||||||
>
|
|
||||||
> -- Julia Sweeney, "Letting Go of God (which my title is, of course, an allusion
|
|
||||||
> to)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
That's a bit how I felt at first. Really, can my reasoning be right? It *must*
|
|
||||||
be wrong! Dvořák's 9th symphony, a parasite? ゆらゆら帝国's "Sweet Spot",
|
|
||||||
detrimental? Demons & Wizards, really a satanic band? Impossible! And even if,
|
|
||||||
can I ever be able to let go of them? Can I *not* listen to music? Will I not
|
|
||||||
die of boredom, depression, isolation? Will it not cheapen my life to be
|
|
||||||
amusical? Will nostalgia not overpower me?
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
It began to settle in. I remember the same thing happening to religion. Not
|
|
||||||
praying, not talking with the gods, not feeling this sense of mystical bliss,
|
|
||||||
this was really hard for me to accept. But it seemed the only honest thing to
|
|
||||||
do. The only true understanding you can have. And after a while, the old way
|
|
||||||
seemed silly. You begin to truly understand the world a bit better, not making
|
|
||||||
excuses, running down dead ends, but learning an actual powerful lesson. Trying
|
|
||||||
to understand or work with anything without embracing rationality and science is
|
|
||||||
always a bad idea.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Safer Use
|
|
||||||
---------
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
But there is something important to clarify here: Just because something is a
|
|
||||||
parasite doesn't mean it's necessarily bad. In fact, most parasites are actually
|
|
||||||
quite useful to their host. They share a common interest in the hosts well-being,
|
|
||||||
after all. The crucial thing to understand, though, is that the virus is
|
|
||||||
interested in its own replication the most. The host will always have to fight
|
|
||||||
hard to ensure that the relationship is still symbiotic and not exploitative.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Basically, the normal safer use rules apply. Don't overdo it. Establish pauses,
|
|
||||||
don't repeat anything too much, diversify your tastes. Avoid mainstream sources,
|
|
||||||
which are mostly characterized by pure popularity. (And ruled by agents that
|
|
||||||
have the moral strength of tobacco companies.) Don't mix activities too much:
|
|
||||||
doing something "on the side", all the time, is always strong evidence that it
|
|
||||||
has become an addiction. You know the drill - make sure you still benefit
|
|
||||||
enough to make it worth it.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The Future
|
|
||||||
----------
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
New habits will grow to fill the void, better habits. New memes will come. The
|
|
||||||
world goes on.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
But then I found this on Youtube: [Berryz工房 - Dschinghis Khan]
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Yes, it's a Japanese cover of the German song *Dschingis Khan*. I don't
|
|
||||||
know whether they are playing it in heaven or hell, but probably both. So good,
|
|
||||||
yet so bad... If you ever needed proof that humanity has gone batshit insane,
|
|
||||||
well... JPOP's the end of all theology, the end of all faith. You may believe
|
|
||||||
whatever you want why there are no gods around today, but no one, religious and
|
|
||||||
atheist alike, ever proposed that they simply got too alienated with us. I mean,
|
|
||||||
JPOP, for Cthulhu's sake! You had all those great ideas for humanity, visions of
|
|
||||||
paradise, or eternal servitude, or food, or whatever, but at some point, humans
|
|
||||||
just stopped caring about the sacrifices and the prayers and just went on
|
|
||||||
covering 70's pop. There's no chance of redemption anymore and from that day on,
|
|
||||||
the gods simply didn't believe in us anymore. Nyarlathotep might have given us
|
|
||||||
the atomic bomb, but even he is freaked out by *Hello! Project*. The mad,
|
|
||||||
monotonous music surrounding Azathoth's throne, I might have identified it.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[Berryz工房 - Dschinghis Khan]: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b7pui9Q6Vbo
|
|
Loading…
Reference in a new issue